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ASTM D1160-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the determination of the distillation characteristics of petroleum products and fractions that may decompose if distilled at atmospheric pressure. This boiling range, obtained at conditions designed to obtain approximately one theoretical plate fractionation, can be used in engineering calculations to design distillation equipment, to prepare appropriate blends for industrial purposes, to determine compliance with regulatory rules, to determine the suitability of the product as feed to a refining process, or for a host of other purposes.
The boiling range is directly related to viscosity, vapor pressure, heating value, average molecular weight, and many other chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Any of these properties can be the determining factor in the suitability of the product in its intended application.
Petroleum product specifications often include distillation limits based on data by this test method.
Many engineering design correlations have been developed on data by this test method. These correlative methods are used extensively in current engineering practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, at reduced pressures, of the range of boiling points for petroleum products that can be partially or completely vaporized at a maximum liquid temperature of 400C. Both a manual method and an automatic method are specified.
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee test method is the manual test method at a mutually agreed upon pressure.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see , , , and .
1.4 This practice is for conversion of the actual distillation temperature obtained at sub-ambient pressure to atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) corresponding to the equivalent boiling point at atmospheric pressure, 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), by means of equations derived by Maxwell and Bonnell.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2006
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1160-03 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D1160-12 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4419-90(2021) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Transition Temperatures of Petroleum Waxes by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2887-22e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM E609-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Pesticides
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7807-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Sulfur Components of Petroleum Distillates by Gas Chromatography and Chemiluminescence Detection
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4616-95(2018) - Standard Test Method for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light and Determination of Mesophase in a Pitch
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7344-17a - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7345-17 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5372-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6352-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 °C to 700 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7398-21 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7798-20 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates with Final Boiling Points up to 538 °C by Ultra Fast Gas Chromatography (UF GC)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM F3418-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Transition Temperatures of Slack Waxes used in Equine Sports Surfaces by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7500-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006

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ASTM D1160-06 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1160 − 06
StandardTest Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination, at reduced 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
pressures,oftherangeofboilingpointsforpetroleumproducts
3.1.1 atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET)—the tem-
that can be partially or completely vaporized at a maximum
peratureconvertedfromthemeasuredvaportemperatureusing
liquid temperature of 400°C. Both a manual method and an
EqA7.1. TheAET is the expected distillate temperature if the
automatic method are specified.
distillation was performed at atmospheric pressure and there
was no thermal decomposition.
1.2 Incasesofdispute,therefereetestmethodisthemanual
test method at a mutually agreed upon pressure.
3.1.2 end point (EP) or final boiling point (FBP)—the
maximum vapor temperature reached during the test.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.3 initial boiling point (IBP)—the vapor temperature that
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the ismeasuredattheinstantthefirstdropofcondensatefallsfrom
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the lower end of the condenser section drip tip.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Whenachainisattachedtothedriptip
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the first drop will form and run down the chain. In automatic
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazard
apparatus, the first drop detection device shall be located as
statements, see 6.1.4, 6.1.8.1, 10.11, and A3.2.1.
near to the lower end of the drip tip as practical.
3.1.4 spillover point—thehighestpointofthelowerinternal
2. Referenced Documents
junction of the distillation column and the condensing section
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the vacuum-jacketed column assembly.
D613Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
4. Summary of Test Method
D1250Guide for Use of the Petroleum MeasurementTables
4.1 The sample is distilled at an accurately controlled
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
pressure between 0.13 and 6.7 kPa (1 and 50 mm Hg) under
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
conditions that are designed to provide approximately one
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
theoretical plate fractionation. Data are obtained from which
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
theinitialboilingpoint,thefinalboilingpoint,andadistillation
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
curve relating volume percent distilled and atmospheric
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
equivalent boiling point temperature can be prepared.
Petroleum Products
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
5. Significance and Use
Petroleum Products
5.1 This test method is used for the determination of the
distillation characteristics of petroleum products and fractions
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
that may decompose if distilled at atmospheric pressure. This
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
boiling range, obtained at conditions designed to obtain ap-
D02.08 on Volatility.
proximately one theoretical plate fractionation, can be used in
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2006.PublishedJuly2006.Originallyapproved
engineering calculations to design distillation equipment, to
in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1160–03. DOI: 10.1520/
D1160-06.
prepare appropriate blends for industrial purposes, to deter-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mine compliance with regulatory rules, to determine the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
suitability of the product as feed to a refining process, or for a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. host of other purposes.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1160 − 06
NOTE 1—Acold trap can b
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    35 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off