ASTM D2714-94(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine
Standard Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the calibration of a block-on-ring testing machine by measuring the friction and wear properties of a calibration fluid under the prescribed test conditions.
The user of this test method should determine to his or her own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure correlate with field performance or other bench test machines. If the test conditions are changed, wear values can change and relative ratings of fluids can be different.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calibration and operation of a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-pound units to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values of the two systems may result in noncomformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2714–94 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring
Friction and Wear Testing Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.1.4 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving
progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between
1.1 This test method covers the calibration and operation of
that surface and a contacting substance or substances.
a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-
3. Summary of Test Method
pound units to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
3.1 The test machine is operated using a steel test ring
text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values
rotating against a steel test block, the specimen assembly being
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each
partially immersed in the lubricant sample. The velocity of the
system must be used independently of the other. Combining
test ring is 7.9 6 0.16 m/min (26 6 0.52 ft/min) which is
values of the two systems may result in noncomformance with
equivalenttoaspindlespeedof72 61rpm.Thespecimensare
the standard.
subjected to 68 kg (150 lb) normal load applied by 6.8 kg (15
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lb) of dead weight on the 10:1 ratio lever system. Test duration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is 5000 cycles.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Three determinations are made: (1) The friction force
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
after a certain number of revolutions, (2) the average width of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the wear scar on the stationary block at the end of the test, and
2. Terminology (3)theweightlossforthestationaryblockattheendofthetest.
2.1 Definitions:
4. Significance and Use
2.1.1 coeffıcient of friction, µ or f—in tribology, the dimen-
4.1 This test method is used for the calibration of a
sionlessratioofthefrictionforce(F)betweentwobodiestothe
block-on-ring testing machine by measuring the friction and
normal force (N) pressing these two bodies together.
wear properties of a calibration fluid under the prescribed test
µor f 5 ~F/N! (1)
conditions.
2.1.1.1 Discussion—A distinction is often made between
4.2 The user of this test method should determine to his or
static coeffıcient of friction and kinetic coeffıcient of friction.
her own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure
2.1.2 friction force—the resisting force tangential to the
correlate with field performance or other bench test machines.
interface between two bodies when, under the action of an
If the test conditions are changed, wear values can change and
external force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the
relative ratings of fluids can be different.
other.
5. Apparatus
2.1.3 kinetic coeffıcient of friction—the coefficient of fric-
tion under conditions of macroscopic relative motion between
5.1 Falex Block-on-Ring Test Machine, shown in Fig. 1
two bodies. and Fig. 2 and described in detail in Annex A1.
NOTE 1—Consult the instruction manual for each machine to determine
respective capabilities and limitations.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.2 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest
D02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants.
0.1 mg.
This test method was prepared under the joint sponsorship of the American
Society of Lubrication Engineers with the cooperation of the Coordinating Research
Council, Inc. (CRC) Aviation Committee on Bonded Solid-Film Lubricants.
Accepted by ASLE September 1968.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2714–94 (1998). The block-on-ring test machine is manufactured by Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark
DOI: 10.1520/D2714-94R03. Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2714–94 (2003)
7.2 Weigh each test ring and test block to the nearest 0.1 mg
on the analytical balance. Then store the specimens in a
desiccator until ready for use.
7.3 Place the block holder on the block and carefully place
block and holder in upper specimen holder in test chamber.
Mount the test ring on the test shaft, taking care not to touch
the test area. Tighten the test ring on the shaft with 440 N (100
lbf) as measured on the friction force meter on the digital
instrument unit.
7.4 Place the heater door in position and fill the chamber
with test fluid to about halfway on the spindle (half of the test
ring is immersed). This volume must be measured (approxi-
FIG. 1 Falex Block-On-Ring Variable Drive Testing Machine
mately 100 mL) and the same amount used for each test. Set
the temperature control of the oil reservoir to 43.3°C (110°F).
It is preferable to control the temperature of the liquid being
tested, but if the machine is not equipped with a temperature
controller indicator, then record the liquid temperature.
8. Calibration
8.1 Amachine shall be judged to be in acceptable condition
whentheresultsobtainedonthecalibrationfluidfallwithinthe
following limits:
8.1.1 Wear measurement is between 1.70 and 2.90 mm.
8.1.2 Friction force after 4500 revolutions is between 66
and 97 N (15.0 and 22.0 lbf).
FIG. 2 Falex Block-On-Ring Test Machine with Microprocessor
Data Acquisition and Control System 9. Procedure
9.1 With the revolution counter set at zero, gently place a
5.3 Measuring Magnifier Glass, with SI or inch-pound
6.78-kg (15-lb) load on the bale rod, being very careful to
calibration so that the scar width can be measured with a
avoid shock-loading. When the fluid reaches temperature of
precision of 0.01 mm, or equivalent.
43.3°C (110°F) start the machine and bring the speed to 72
rpm. Record the friction force and the temperature of the liquid
6. Reagents and Materials
at 200, 400, 600, and 4500 revolutions and check the speed at
6.1 Test Rings, Falex Type S-10, SAE 4620 carburized
each of these times. Stop the machine at 5000 revolutions.
steel, having a hardness of 58 to 63 HRC. The test ring has a
Remove the test block and test ring and clean them thoroughly
width of 8.15 mm (0.321 in.), a diameter of 35 mm (1.3775 in.)
using solvents selected in 6.3. Remove any excess wear
and a maximum radial run out of 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.). The
particles that have accumulated on the side of the scar by
surface roughness shall be 0.15 to 0.30 µm (6 to 12 µin.) rms.
brushing with a camel’s hair brush; weigh the test ring and test
3 4
6.2 Test Blocks, Falex Type H-30, SAE 01 tool steel
block to the nearest 0.1 mg and measure the width of the wear
having two ground test surfaces of 0.10 to 0.20 µm (4 to 8 µin.)
scar of the test block
...
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