ASTM D6522-00(2005)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers, and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The results of this test method may be used to determine nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emissions from natural gas combustion.
This test method may also be used to monitor emissions to optimize process operation for nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen (O2) concentrations in controlled and uncontrolled emissions from natural gas-fired reciprocating engines, combustion turbines, boilers, and process heaters. Due to the inherent cross sensitivities of the electrochemical cells, this test method should not be applied to other pollutants or emission sources without a complete investigation of possible analytical interferences and a comparative evaluation with EPA test methods.
1.1.1 The procedures and specifications of this method were developed during laboratory and field tests funded by the Gas Research Institute (GRI). Comparative emission tests were conducted only on natural gas-fired combustion sources.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2005
• ICS: 13.040.50 - Transport exhaust emissions
• Technical Committee: D22 - Air Quality
• Drafting Committee: D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6522-00 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers, and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM D6522-11 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers, and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D3154-14(2023) - Standard Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6522–00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and
Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-
Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers,
and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6522; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Method3A -DeterminationofOxygenandCarbonDioxide
Concentrations in Emissions from Stationary Sources
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen
(Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)
oxides (NO and NO ), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen
Method 7E - Determination of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
(O ) concentrations in controlled and uncontrolled emissions
from Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Proce-
from natural gas-fired reciprocating engines, combustion tur-
dure)
bines, boilers, and process heaters. Due to the inherent cross
Method10 -DeterminationofCarbonMonoxideEmissions
sensitivities of the electrochemical cells, this test method
from Stationary Source
should not be applied to other pollutants or emission sources
Method 20 - Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur
without a complete investigation of possible analytical inter-
Dioxide, and Diluent Emissions from Stationary Gas
ferences and a comparative evaluation with EPAtest methods.
Turbines
1.1.1 Theproceduresandspecificationsofthismethodwere
2.3 EPA Methods from 40 CFR Part 63, Appendix A
developed during laboratory and field tests funded by the Gas
Method 301 - Field Validation of Pollutant Measurement
Research Institute (GRI). Comparative emission tests were
Methods from Various Waste Media
conducted only on natural gas-fired combustion sources.
2.4 EPA Methods from 40 CFR Part 75, Appendix H
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Revised Traceability Protocol No. 1: Protocol G1 and G2
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Procedures
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 For terminology relevant to this test method, seeTermi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nology D1356.
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 measurement system, n—total equipment required for
2. Referenced Documents the determination of gas concentration. The measurement
system consists of the following major subsystems:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1.1 datarecorder,n—astripchartrecorder,computer,or
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
digital recorder for recording measurement data.
Atmospheres
4 3.2.1.2 electrochemical cell, n—that portion of the system
2.2 EPA Methods from 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A
that senses the gas to be measured and generates an output
proportional to its concentration, or any cell that uses
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
diffusion-limited oxidation and reduction reactions to produce
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient
an electrical potential between a sensing electrode and a
Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
counter electrode.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6522-00. DOI:
3.2.1.3 external interference gas scrubber, n—tube filled
10.1520/D6522-00R05.
with scrubbing agent used to remove interfering compounds
Gas Research Institute Topical Report, “Development of an Electrochemical
upstream of some electrochemical cells.
Cell Emission Analyzer Test Method,” GRI-96/0008, July 1997.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U. G. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6522–00 (2005)
3.2.1.4 sample interface, n—that portion of a system used 6. Interferences
for one or more of the following: sample acquisition, sample
6.1 NO and NO can interfere with CO concentration
transport, sample conditioning, or protection of the electro-
measurements, and NO can interfere with NO concentration
chemicalcellsfromparticulatematterandcondensedmoisture.
measurements. The interference effects for the CO and NO
3.2.2 interference check, n—method of quantifying analyti-
emission measurements are quantified in 9.2 and shall not
cal interferences from components in the stack gas other than
exceed 5% of the measurement.
the analyte.
3.2.3 initial NO cell temperature, n—temperatureoftheNO
7. Apparatus
cell that is recorded during the most recent pretest calibration
7.1 The minimum detectable limit depends on the nominal
error check.
range of the electrochemical cell, calibration drift, and signal-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Since the NO cell can experience sig-
to-noise ratio of the measurement system. For a well designed
nificantzerodriftwithtemperaturechangesinsomesituations,
system, the minimum detectable limit should be less than 2%
the temperature must be monitored if the analyzer does not
of the nominal range.
display negative concentration results.
7.2 Any measurement system that meets the performance
3.2.4 linearity check, n—method of demonstrating the abil-
and design specifications in Sections 9 and 10.4.11 of this test
ityofagasanalyzertorespondconsistentlyoverarangeofgas
method may be used. The sampling system shall maintain the
concentrations.
gas sample at a temperature above the dew point up to the
3.2.5 nominal range, n—range of concentrations over
moisture removal system. The sample conditioning system
whicheachcellisoperated(25%to125%ofspangasvalue).
shall be designed so that there are no entrained water droplets
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Several nominal ranges may be used
in the gas sample when it contacts the electrochemical cells.A
for any given cell as long as the linearity and stability check
schematic of an acceptable measurement system is shown in
results remain within specification.
Fig. 1. The essential components of the measurement system
3.2.6 response time, n—amount of time required for the
are described below:
measurement system to display 95% of a step change in gas
7.3 Sample Probe,glass,stainlesssteel,orothernonreactive
concentration on the data recorder.
material,ofsufficientlengthtotraversethesamplepoints,and,
3.2.7 span gas, n—known concentration of a gas in an
if necessary, heated to prevent condensation.
appropriate diluent gas.
7.4 Heated Sample Line, heated (sufficient to prevent con-
3.2.8 span calibration error, n—difference between the gas
densation), nonreactive tubing, to transport the sample gas to
concentration exhibited by the gas analyzer and the known
the moisture removal system.
concentration of the span gas.
7.5 Sample Transport Lines, nonreactive tubing to transport
3.2.9 stability check, n—method of demonstrating that an
the sample from the moisture removal system to the sample
electrochemical cell operated over a given nominal range
pump, sample flow rate control, and electrochemical cells.
provides a stable response and is not significantly affected by
7.6 Calibration Assembly,atee-fittingtoattachtotheprobe
prolonged exposure to the analyte.
tipforintroducingcalibrationgasesatambientpressureduring
3.2.10 stability time, n—elapsed time from the start of the
the calibration error checks. The vented end of the tee should
gasinjectiontothestartofthe30-minstabilitycheckperiod,as
have a flow indicator to ensure sufficient calibration gas flow.
determined during the stability check.
3.2.11 zero calibration error, n—gas concentration exhib-
ited by the gas analyzer in response to zero-level calibration
gas.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Agassampleiscontinuouslyextractedfromastackand
conveyedtoaportableanalyzerfordeterminationofNO,NO ,
CO, and O gas concentrations using electrochemical cells.
Analyzer design specifications, performance specifications,
and test procedures are provided to ensure reliable data.
Additionstoormodificationsofvendor-suppliedanalyzers(for
example,heatedsampleline,flowmeters,andsoforth)maybe
required to meet the design specifications of this test method.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Theresultsofthistestmethodmaybeusedtodetermine
nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emissions from natural
gas combustion.
5.2 Thistestmethodmayalsobeusedtomonitoremissions
to optimize process operation for nitrogen oxides and carbon
monoxide control. FIG. 1 Calibration System Schematic
D6522–00 (2005)
Anyothermethodthatintroducescalibrationgasesattheprobe 8.2 Calibration Gases—The calibration gases for the gas
at atmospheric pressure may be used. analyzershallbeCOinnitrogenorCOinnitrogenandO,NO
in nitrogen, NO in air or nitrogen, and O in nitrogen.
7.7 MoistureRemovalSystem,achilledcondenserorsimilar
2 2
8.2.1 For the mid-level and span cylinder gases, use cali-
device (for example, permeation dryer), to remove condensate
bration gases certified according to EPA Protocol G1 or G2
continuously from the sample gas while maintaining minimal
procedures.
contact between the condensate and the sample gas.
8.2.2 Alternative certification techniques may be used, if
7.8 Particulate Filters—Filters at the probe or the inlet or
approved in writing by the applicable regulatory agency.
outlet of the moisture removal system and inlet of the analyzer
8.3 Span Gases—Use these gases for calibration error,
may be used to prevent accumulation of particulate material in
linearity, and interference checks of each nominal range of
the measurement system and extend the useful life of the
each cell. Select concentrations as follows:
components.All filters shall be fabricated of materials that are
8.3.1 CO and NO Span Gases—Choose a span gas concen-
nonreactive to the gas being sampled.
trationsuchthattheaveragestackgasreadingforeachtestrun
7.9 Sample Pump, a leak-free pump, to pull the sample gas
is greater than 25% of the span gas concentration. Alterna-
through the system at a flow rate sufficient to minimize the
tively,choosethespangassuchthatitisnotgreaterthantwice
response time of the measurement system. The pump must be
the concentration equivalent to the emission standard. If
constructed of any material that is nonreactive to the gas being
concentrationresultsexceed125%ofthespangasatanytime
sampled.
during the sampling run, then the test run for that channel is
7.10 Sample Flow Rate Control, a sample flow rate control
invalid.
valve and rotameter, or equivalent, to maintain a constant
8.3.2 NO Span Gas—Choose a span gas concentration
sampling rate within 10% during sampling and calibration
such that the average stack gas reading for each test run is
error checks. The components shall be fabricated of materials
greater than 25% of the span gas concentration.Alternatively,
that are nonreactive to the gas being sampled.
choose the span gas concentration such that it is not greater
than the ppm concentration value of the NO span gas. The
7.11 Gas Analyzer, a device containing electrochemical
cells to determine the NO, NO , CO, and O concentrations in testershouldbeawarethatNO cellsaregenerallydesignedto
2 2
measuremuchlowerconcentrationsthanNOcellsandthespan
the sample gas stream and, if necessary, to correct for interfer-
gas should be chosen accordingly. If concentration results
ence effects. The analyzer shall meet the applicable perfor-
exceed 125% of the span gas at any time during the sampling
mance specifications of Section 9. A means of controlling the
run then the test run for that channel is invalid.
analyzer flow rate and a device for determining proper sample
8.3.3 O Span Gas—Choose a span gas concentration such
flow rate (for example, precision rotameter, pressure gage
that the difference between the span gas concentration and the
downstreamofallflowcontrols,andsoforth)shallbeprovided
average stack gas reading for each run is less than 10% O .
at the analyzer.
Where the stack oxygen is high, dry ambient air (20.9% O )
NOTE 1—Housing the analyzer in a clean, thermally-stable, vibration-
may be used.
freeenvironmentwillminimizedriftintheanalyzercalibration,butthisis
8.4 Mid-Level Gases—Select mid-level gas concentrations
not a requirement of the test method.
that are 40 to 60% of the span gas concentrations.
7.12 Data Recorder, a strip chart recorder, computer, or 8.5 Zero Gas—Zero gas must have concentrations of less
digital recorder, for recording measurement data. The data than 0.25% of the span gas for each component. Ambient air
recorder resolution (that is, readability) shall be at least 1 ppm may be used in a well-ventilated area.
for CO, NO, and NO ; 0.1% O for O ; and 1° (C or F) for
2 2 2
9. Preparation of Apparatus
temperature.Alternatively,adigitaloranalogmeterhavingthe
9.1 Linearity Check:
same resolution may be used to obtain the analyzer responses
9.1.1 Conduct the linearity check once for each nominal
and the readings may be recorded manually.
rangethatistobeusedoneachelectrochemicalcell(NO,NO ,
7.13 External Interference Gas Scrubber, used by some
CO, and O ) before each field test program.
analyzers to remove interfering compounds upstream of a CO
9.1.1.1 Repeat the linearity check immediately after 5 days
electrochemicalcell.Thescrubbingagentshouldbevisibleand
of analyzer operation, if a field test program lasts longer than
should have a means of determining when the agent is
5 days.
exhausted (that is, color indication).
9.1.1.2 Repeat the linearity check whenever a cell is re-
7.14 NO Cell Temperature Indicator, a thermocouple, ther-
placed.
mistor,orotherdevicemustbeusedtomonitorthetemperature
9.1.2 If the analyzer uses an external interference gas
of the NO electrochemical cell. The temperature may be
scrubber with a color indicator, verify that the scrubbing agent
monitored at the surface or within the cell.
is not depleted, following the analyzer manufacturer’s recom-
mended procedure.
8. Reagents and Materials
9.1.3 Calibrate the analyzer with zero and span gases.
8.1 The analytical range for each gas component is deter- 9.1.4 Inject the
...