ASTM E169-04(2014)

Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These practices are a source of general information on the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses. They provide the user with background information that should help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measurements.  
4.2 These practices are not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the available instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are intended to provide general information on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnecessary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in individual methods for quantitative analysis.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2014
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• Technical Committee: E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
• Drafting Committee: E13.01 - Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E169-04(2009) - Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D5412-93(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Quantification of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures or Petroleum Oils in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D6703-19 - Standard Test Method for Automated Heithaus Titrimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM E925-09(2022) - Standard Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth does not Exceed 2 nm
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM E60-11(2022)e1 - Standard Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM F451-21 - Standard Specification for Acrylic Bone Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D2008-23 - Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D1840-22 - Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D3935-21 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polycarbonate (PC) Unfilled and Reinforced Material
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D8431-22 - Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM E2193-23 - Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Transmittance of Monoethylene Glycol (using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D6258-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Solvent Red 164 Dye Concentration in Diesel Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D6953-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Antioxidants and Erucamide Slip Additives in Polyethylene Using Liquid Chromatography (LC)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM E275-08(2022) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D5577-19 - Standard Guide for Techniques to Separate and Identify Contaminants in Recycled Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E169 − 04(Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practices for
General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope law are defined in Terminology E131. Beer’s law (Note 1)
holds at a single wavelength and when applied to a single
1.1 These practices are intended to provide general infor-
component sample it may be expressed in the following form
mation on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and
(see Section 10):
visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnec-
essary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in A 5 abc (1)
individual methods for quantitative analysis.
Whenappliedtoamixtureof nnon-interactingcomponents,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
it may be expressed as follows:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
A 5 a bc 1a bc 1….1a bc (2)
1 1 2 2 n n
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—Detailed discussion of the origin and validity of Beer’s law
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
maybefoundinthebooksandarticleslistedinthebibliographyattheend
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of these practices.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 This practice describes the application of Beer’s law in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
typical spectrophotometric analytical applications. It also de-
2. Referenced Documents scribes operating parameters that must be considered when
2 using these techniques.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
4. Significance and Use
E168Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
3 4.1 These practices are a source of general information on
tative Analysis (Withdrawn 2015)
the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses.
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
Theyprovidetheuserwithbackgroundinformationthatshould
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measure-
E925Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-
ments.
Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth
does not Exceed 2 nm 4.2 These practices are not intended as a substitute for a
E958Practice for Estimation of the Spectral Bandwidth of thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It
is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the
3. Summary of Practice
available instrumentation.
3.1 Quantitative ultraviolet and visible analyses are based
5. Sample Preparation
upontheabsorptionlaw,knownasBeer’slaw.Theunitsofthis
5.1 Accurately weigh the specified amount of the sample
(solid or liquid). Dissolve in the appropriate solvent and dilute
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on
tothespecifiedvolumeinvolumetricglasswareoftherequired
Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E13.01 on Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy.
accuracy, ensuring that all appropriate temperature range
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally
tolerancesaremaintained.Ifneeded,adilutionshouldbemade
approvedin1960.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asE169–04(2009).DOI:
with a calibrated pipet and volumetric flask, using adequate
10.1520/E0169-04R14.
2
volumes for accuracy. With the availability of moderin wide
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
range electronic balances, (capable of reading kg quantities to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
four or five decimal places), gravimetric dilution should be
the ASTM website.
3 considered as a more accurate alternative to volumetric, if
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. available. Fill the absorption cell with the solution, and fill the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E169 − 04 (2014)
comparisonorblankcellwiththepuresolvent,atleast2×to3× being used. Procedures for checking precision and accuracy of
(if sufficient sample or solvent is avai
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E169 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) E169 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practices for
General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible
1
Quantitative Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices are intended to provide general information on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and visible
quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnecessary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in individual methods
for quantitative analysis.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
E925 Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth does not
Exceed 2 nm
E958 Practice for Estimation of the Spectral Bandwidth of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Quantitative ultraviolet and visible analyses are based upon the absorption law, known as Beer’s law. The units of this law
are defined in Terminology E131. Beer’s law (Note 1) holds at a single wavelength and when applied to a single component sample
it may be expressed in the following form (see Section 10):
A 5 abc (1)
When applied to a mixture of n non-interacting components, it may be expressed as follows:
A 5 a bc 1a bc 1….1a bc (2)
1 1 2 2 n n
NOTE 1—Detailed discussion of the origin and validity of Beer’s law may be found in the books and articles listed in the bibliography at the end of
these practices.
3.2 This practice describes the application of Beer’s law in typical spectrophotometric analytical applications. It also describes
operating parameters that must be considered when using these techniques.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These practices are a source of general information on the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses. They
provide the user with background information that should help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measurements.
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E13.01 on Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Aug. 1, 2014. Published December 2009August 2014. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as E169 – 04.E169 – 04(2009). DOI: 10.1520/E0169-04R09.10.1520/E0169-04R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E169 − 04 (2014)
4.2 These practices are not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It is the
responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the available
instrumentation.
5. Sample Preparation
5.1 Accurately weigh the specified amount of the sample (solid or liquid). Dissolve in the appropriate solvent and dilute to the
specified volume in volumetric glassware of the required accuracy, ensuring that all appropriate temperature range tolerances are
maintained. If needed, a dilution should be made with a calibrated pipet and volumetric flask, using adequate volumes for accuracy.
With the availability of moderin wide range electronic balances, (capable of reading kg quantities to four or five
...