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ASTM D4625-16

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)

Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fuel oxidation and other degradative reactions leading to formation of sediment (and color) are mildly accelerated by the test conditions compared with typical storage conditions. Test results have been shown to predict storage stability more reliably than other more accelerated tests. See Appendix X1 for information on the correlation of test results with actual field storage.  
5.2 Because the storage periods are long (4 weeks to 24 weeks), the test method is not suitable for quality control testing, but does provide a tool for research on storage properties of fuels.  
5.3 Because environmental effects and the materials and nature of tank construction affect storage stability, the results obtained by this test are not necessarily the same as those obtained during storage in a specific field storage situation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points above 38 °C (100 °F), by Test Methods D93, and 90 % distilled points below 340 °C (644 °F), by Test Method D86.  
Note 1: ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D975, Grades 1-D and 2-D; and Specification D2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.  
1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten storage time relative to that required at ambient storage temperatures.  
1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D4625 results with sediment formation in actual field storage.  
1.4 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2016
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4625-14 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2016
Referred By
ASTM D6468-22 - Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2016
Referred By
ASTM D6748-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Potential Instability of Middle Distillate Fuels Caused by the Presence of Phenalenes and Phenalenones (Rapid Method by Portable Spectrophotometer)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2016
Referred By
ASTM D2274-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2016
Referred By
ASTM D7566-22a - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
Effective Date
01-Dec-2016
Referred By
ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2016
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ASTM D8181-19 - Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Effective Date
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ASTM D4625-16 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)ASTM D4625-16 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4625 − 16
Designation: 378/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points
ration
above38 °C(100 °F),byTestMethodsD93,and90 %distilled
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
points below 340 °C (644 °F), by Test Method D86.
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D975,
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
Grades 1-D and 2-D; and Specification D2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control
Petroleum Products
testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
storage time relative to that required at ambient storage
Petroleum Products
temperatures.
3. Terminology
1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D4625
3.1.1 adherent insolubles, n—gums formed during storage
results with sediment formation in actual field storage.
that remain tightly attached to the walls of the vessel after fuel
1.4 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the
has been flushed from the container.
standard.
3.1.2 filterable insolubles, n—solids formed during storage
1.4.1 Exception—Thevaluesinparenthesesareforinforma-
that can be removed from the fuel by filtration.
tion only.
3.1.3 inherent storage stability, n—of middle distillate
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fuel—the resistance of the fuel to change during storage in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contact with air, but in the absence of other environmental
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
factors such as water, or reactive metals and dirt.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 total insolubles, n—thearithmeticsumofthefilterable
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
insolubles plus the adherent insolubles.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Four-hundred(400)mLvolumesoffilteredfuelareaged
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
by storage in borosilicate glass containers at 43 °C (110 °F) for
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
periods of 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. If desired, perform
zero-week analyses on the same day as the other samples are
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on placedinstorage.Zero-weekdataareusedtoprovidebasedata
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
and ensure satisfactory technique. After aging for a selected
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
time period, a sample is removed from storage, cooled to room
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
temperature, and analyzed for filterable insolubles and for
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4625 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D4625-16.
adherent insolubles.
This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM/IP standard in 1986.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Fuel oxidation and other degradative reactions leading
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. to formation of sediment (and color) are mildly accelerated by
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4625 − 16
6.4.3 Receiving Flask, 1.5 L, or larger, borosilicate glass
vacuum filter flask, into which the filtration apparatus fits,
equipped with a sidearm to connect to the safety flask.
6.4.4 Safety
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4625 − 14 D4625 − 16
Designation: 378/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points above
38 °C (100 °F), by Test Methods D93, and 90 % distilled points below 340 °C (644 °F), by Test Method D86.
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D975, Grades
1-D and 2-D; and Specification D2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten storage time
relative to that required at ambient storage temperatures.
1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D4625 results with
sediment formation in actual field storage.
1.4 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 adherent insolubles, n—gums formed during storage that remain tightly attached to the walls of the vessel after fuel has
been flushed from the container.
3.1.2 filterable insolubles, n—solids formed during storage that can be removed from the fuel by filtration.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2016. Published March 2015January 2017. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
D4625 – 04 (2009).D4625 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D4625-16.
This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM/IP standard in 1986. DOI: 10.1520/D4625-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4625 − 16
FIG. 21 Sample Storage Container
3.1.3 inherent storage stability, n—of middle distillate fuel—the resistance of the fuel to change during storage in contact with
air, but in the absence of other environmental factors such as water, or reactive metals and dirt.
3.1.4 total insolubles, n—the arithmetic sum of the filterable insolubles plus the adherent insolubles.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Four-hundred millilitre (400) mL volumes of filtered fuel are aged by storage in borosilicate glass containers at 43 °C
(110 °F) for periods of (0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24) weeks. and 24 weeks. If desired, perform zero-week analyses on the same day as the
other samples are placed in storage. Zero-week data are used to provide base data and ensure satisfactory technique. Aft
...

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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