ASTM D396-08a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.
1.1.2 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.
1.1.3 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.
Note 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2—A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 396 – 08a
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 396; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil 2.1 ASTM Standards:
intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment D56 Test Method for Flash Point byTag Closed CupTester
under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
are described as follows: Atmospheric Pressure
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
No. 2 S500 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and Closed Cup Tester
small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where Bituminous Materials by Distillation
storage conditions require low pour point fuel. D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.1.2 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in eral Bomb Method)
commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
range. Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.1.3 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling ity)
and proper atomization. D 473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel
Oils by the Extraction Method
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
NOTE 2—Amore detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given
in X1.3. Petroleum Products
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for
(Lamp Method)
purchasesoffueloilsandfortheguidanceofconsumersoffuel
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
restrictive.
(High-Temperature Method)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
standard.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
D 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 396–08. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 396 – 08a
D 3245 Test Method for Pumpability of Industrial Fuel Oils 5. Sampling, Containers,
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D396–08 Designation: D 396 – 08a
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 396; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment
under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small
industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage
conditions require low pour point fuel.
1.1.2 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/
industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.
1.1.3 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in
industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
NOTE 2—A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.
1.2 Thisspecificationisfortheuseofpurchasingagenciesinformulatingspecificationstobeincludedincontractsforpurchases
of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information
on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D 95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method)
D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D 473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D 1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(SpecificGravity),orAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumandLiquidPetroleum
Products by Hydrometer Method
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0 on
Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved Jan. 15,Sept. 1, 2008. Published FebruarySeptember 2008. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
D396–07.D 396–08.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 396 – 08a
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispe
...
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