ASTM F1169-19

Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby Cribs

ABSTRACT
This consumer safety specification establishes the performance requirements and test procedures to determine the structural integrity, design requirements addressing entanglement on corner post extensions, and requirements for warning labels and instructional material for full-size baby cribs. Fully-furnished cribs shall be tested on, and correspondingly conform to the following test requirements: mattress support system vertical impact properties; drop and stationary side (static and cyclic) properties; crib side spindle/slat torque properties; drop and folding side latch properties; and plastic teething rail properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes performance requirements and test procedures to determine the structural integrity of full-size cribs. It also contains design requirements addressing entanglement on crib corner post extensions, and requirements for warning labels and instructional material. It also covers bassinet, changing table, or similar accessories to a crib that when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position are in the occupant retention area. These accessories shall also comply with the applicable requirements of the ASTM International standards addressing those accessories. For example, a changing table that attaches to a crib shall also comply with the applicable requirements in Consumer Safety Specification F2388. This specification does not cover inflatable products.  
1.2 No crib produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Mar-2019
• ICS: 97.140 - Furniture
• ICS: 97.190 - Equipment for children
• Technical Committee: F15 - Consumer Products
• Drafting Committee: F15.18 - Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Baby Changing Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1169-13 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby Cribs
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM F963-23 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Refers: ASTM F2388-17a - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Products for Domestic Use
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM F2388-17 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Products for Domestic Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Refers: ASTM F963-16 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM F2388-16 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Tables for Domestic Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM F2388-15 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Tables for Domestic Use
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM F963-11 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Refers: ASTM F2388-09 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Tables for Domestic Use
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Refers: ASTM D3359-09e1 - Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Refers: ASTM F963-08 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Refers: ASTM F2388-08a - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Tables for Domestic Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Refers: ASTM F2388-08 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Tables for Domestic Use
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Refers: ASTM D3359-07 - Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Refers: ASTM F963-07e1 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2007

Overview

ASTM F1169-19: Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby Cribs establishes comprehensive requirements intended to minimize hazards associated with full-size baby cribs. Developed by ASTM International, this standard outlines performance, structural integrity, and labeling requirements to ensure safe design, construction, and use of full-size cribs in the home environment. ASTM F1169-19 is recognized as a critical benchmark for manufacturers, importers, retailers, and regulatory bodies aiming to ensure the highest standards of product safety for infants.

Key Topics

• Structural Integrity and Testing
  The standard specifies multiple test procedures for crib components, such as mattress support systems, stationary and moveable side properties (static and cyclic), and spindle/slat strength. It also addresses foldable cribs and ensures locking mechanisms prevent accidental folding.
• Design Requirements
  Addresses entanglement hazards at corner post extensions, appropriate spacing of slats and panels, elimination of sharp points and edges, and the use of non-toxic surface coatings compliant with 16 CFR 1303.
• Accessory Compatibility
  Cribs equipped with accessories like changing tables or bassinets must also comply with applicable ASTM standards for those components, specifically referencing ASTM F2388 for changing tables.
• Warning Labels and Instructions
  The standard mandates durable, permanent warning labels and comprehensive assembly instructions to minimize risks from improper setup or maintenance.
• Small Parts and Entrapment Hazards
  Ensures that no small parts can be liberated during use or testing, reducing risks of choking. Mandates strict limits on openings and cutouts to prevent entrapment.

Applications

• Manufacturing and Product Design
  Manufacturers of full-size baby cribs utilize ASTM F1169-19 to guide safe product development, material selection, and design features. Adherence is often required to access major markets and maintain consumer trust.
• Quality Assurance and Compliance Testing
  Third-party labs and in-house QA teams rely on the documented test methods to verify cribs meet durability and safety requirements before distribution. This covers vertical and horizontal impact tests, side latch function, and slat strength.
• Retail and Import Requirements
  Retailers and importers reference ASTM F1169-19 to screen inventory, ensuring products offered to consumers are compliant with recognized U.S. and international safety standards.
• Regulatory Oversight
  Regulatory bodies, including the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), reference this standard to inform inspection, market surveillance, and recall decisions related to full-size baby crib safety.
• Consumer Confidence and Liability Reduction
  Compliance with ASTM F1169-19 provides assurance to parents and caregivers, helping to mitigate risks of accidental injury or death. Meeting and documenting compliance supports liability protection for brands and distributors.

Related Standards

• ASTM F963: Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
  Addresses toy accessories included with cribs, such as mobiles or detachable entertainment items.
• ASTM F2388: Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Products
  Applies to changing tables and similar accessories used in conjunction with cribs.
• EN 716: European Standard for Children’s Cots
  Offers similar criteria for cribs marketed in the European Union.
• 16 CFR 1303, 16 CFR 1500 Series
  U.S. federal regulations covering lead-containing paint, sharp points/edges, flammability, and small parts requirements for children’s products.

Keywords: ASTM F1169-19, full-size baby crib safety, crib structural integrity, entanglement hazards, infant product standards, crib manufacturing compliance, ASTM International, consumer product safety, crib warning labels, accessory requirements, regulatory crib standards, crib testing procedures, CPSC crib safety.

Summary

ASTM F1169-19 is a vital standard ensuring full-size baby cribs meet rigorous safety and performance benchmarks. By mandating robust design, comprehensive testing, and clear labeling, this standard supports safer sleep environments for infants and reinforces quality across the nursery furniture industry. Manufacturers, retailers, and testing labs should integrate the requirements of ASTM F1169-19 throughout the product lifecycle to deliver compliant, trustworthy products for families worldwide.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F1169 −19
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
Full-Size Baby Cribs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety specification addresses crib incidents that were identified by the U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
CPSC received reports of strangulations incidents associated with crib corner post extensions and
incidents concerning failure of crib hardware and other structural components of cribs that also
resulted in fatalities.
In response to the incident data collected by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts
to minimize the risk of injury or death due to: failure of mattress support hardware, failure of glued
or bolted connections, side latch failure, and dislodgment of teething rails. This safety specification
also addresses incidents associated with poor maintenance or assembly by means of requirements for
the contents of instructional literature that must accompany a crib.
1. Scope 1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes perfor-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
mance requirements and test procedures to determine the
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
structural integrity of full-size cribs. It also contains design
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
requirements addressing entanglement on crib corner post
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
extensions, and requirements for warning labels and instruc-
regulatory limitations prior to use.
tional material. It also covers bassinet, changing table, or
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
similar accessories to a crib that when in the manufacturer’s
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
recommended use position are in the occupant retention area.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
These accessories shall also comply with the applicable re-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
quirements of the ASTM International standards addressing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
those accessories. For example, a changing table that attaches
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to a crib shall also comply with the applicable requirements in
Consumer Safety Specification F2388. This specification does
2. Referenced Documents
not cover inflatable products.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 No crib produced after the approval date of this con-
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
sumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means,
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms
F2388 Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing
to all requirements contained herein.
Products for Domestic Use
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3
2.2 Federal Standards:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
and are not considered standard.
16 CFR 1500.3 Definitions
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 15, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1169 – 13. DOI: Available from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC
10.1520/F1169-19. 20207.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1169−19
16 CFR 1500.44 Method for Determining Extremely Flam- 3.6 key structural elements, n—side assemblies, end
mable & Flammable Solids assemblies, mattress supports, or stabilizing bars which create
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical requirements for Determining a the occupant retention area.
Sharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by
3.7 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any po-
Children Under Eight Years of Age
sition that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptive
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a
or instructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable
Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles
configuration for use of the product; this specifically excludes
Intended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age
positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its
16 CFR 1500.50–.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and
literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.
Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by
3.8 mattress support system, n—those components of a bed
Children
structure that are intended for a mattress to rest upon.
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-
3.9 moveable side, n—topportionofanotherwisestationary
ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of
side that is intended to move with respect to the frame (other
Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion
than a folding side) when the product is in the manufacturer’s
Hazards Because of Small Parts
recommended use position to provide easier access to the
2.3 European Standard:
occupant.
EN 716 Furniture - Children’s cots and folding cots for
domestic use 3.10 nonpaper label, n—any label material (such as plastic
or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or
3. Terminology
tearsleavingasharplydefinededgeorlabelsmadefromfabric.
3.1 accessory, n—component with a rigid frame such as a
3.11 occupant, n—that individual who is in the product
bassinet or changing table that attaches to or rests on a crib in
when it is setup in one of the manufacturer’s use positions.
the occupant retention area only and that because of its
3.12 occupant retention area, n—any area designated by the
structure, location, or movement, may expose crib occupant to
manufacturer as being the recommended sleeping area for the
an opening presenting an entrapment hazard.
occupant of the product.
3.1.1 Discussion—It does not include (1) items that hang
3.13 static load, n—force applied by a calibrated force
outside the occupant retention areas, such as organizers and
gauge or by dead weights.
storage bags; (2) canopies that have no rigid frame members
running alongside any top rail; (3) components that attach only
3.14 stationary side, n—a side or end panel that is not
to another accessory and not directly to the crib; (4) dressing intended to fold, slide or move with respect to the frame when
tables and bassinets that are attached to the crib and outside the
the product is in the manufacturer’s recommended use posi-
occupant retention area; or (5) toy accessories covered under tion.
5.11.
3.15 strap, n—piece of flexible material of which the width
3.2 cord, n—length of slender flexible material including
is significantly greater than the thickness.
monofilaments, rope, woven and twisted cord, plastic and
3.16 structural failure, n—damage to a component(s) or
textile tapes, ribbon, and those materials commonly called
assembly resulting in partial separation (greater than 0.040 in.
string.
(1.00 mm) over original configuration), or complete separation
3.3 dynamic load, n—application of an impulsive force by a
of the component(s) or assembly.
free falling mass.
4. Calibration and Standardization
3.4 folding side, n—a side, or a part thereof, that is intended
to fold or pivot with respect to the frame when the product is
4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor which
in the manufacturer’s recommended use position to provide
may be covered with ⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering.
easier access to the occupant.
4.2 The crib shall be completely assembled, unless other-
3.5 full-size crib, n—a bed that is designed to provide
wisenoted,inaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructions.
sleeping accommodations for an infant that is intended for use
4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-
in the home and is within a range of 62 in. (65.1 cm) of the
turing.
interior length or width dimensions specified for full-size baby
cribs in 5.7.
4.4 The item to be tested shall be in a room with ambient
3.5.1 Discussion—Cribs having an interior length dimen-
temperature of 73.4 6 9°F (23 6 5°C) for at least 24 h prior to
sion either greater than 55 in. (139.7 cm) or smaller than 49 ⁄4
testing.Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature
in. (126.3 cm), or an interior width dimension greater than 30
range.
5 3
⁄8in.(77.7cm)orsmallerthan25 ⁄8in.(64.3cm),orboth,are
considered non-full-size cribs and do not fall within the scope
5. General Requirements
of this specification.
5.1 Before performing any of the tests in this specification
all wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.
5.1.1 All wood parts shall be free from splits, cracks, or
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de
Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be. other defects that might lead to structural failure.
F1169−19
5.2 Surface Coatings—The paint or surface coating on the 5.6.3 Should any adjacent sides of a crib that have slats or
product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303. spindles have a height difference between their top rails of
more than 6 in. and either of their top rails are less than 40 in.
5.3 Small Parts—Thereshallbenosmallpartsasdefinedby
(102cm)highasmeasuredfromthetopofthemattresssupport
16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to
in its lowest position to the top of the sides, then the higher of
this specification.
the two sides may not have a toe hold (as defined in 5.9) that
5.4 Corner Posts:
is located more than 6 in. (15 cm) below the top of the side.
5.4.1 No corner post assembly shall extend more than 0.06
The height difference shall be measured within 6 in. (15 cm) of
in. (1.50 mm) above the upper edge of an end or side panel,
the intersection of the two sides. This provision does not apply
whichever is higher, when measured from the lowest point on
to folding or moveable sides. The top horizontal rail of an
the upper edge of the end or side panel within 3 in. (76 mm)
adjacent side shall not be considered a toe hold. This provision
from the outermost contour of the post or elbow (see Fig. 1).
doesnotapplytotoeholdslocatedlessthan3in.(7.6cm)from
5.4.1.1 This requirement applies when any moveable side/
the top of the mattress support in its lowest position as allowed
folding side is in either the raised or lowered position.
in 5.9.
5.4.2 The limitations in 5.4.1 do not apply to a corner post
5.7 Full-Size Baby Cribs—Dimensions:
assembly that extends at least 16 in. (400 mm) above the
5.7.1 The interior dimensions shall be 28 6 ⁄8 in. (71 6 1.6
uppermost surface of the side rail in its highest position.
cm) wide as measured between the innermost surfaces of the
5.4.3 Corner posts intended to accept removable vertical
3 5
crib sides and 52 ⁄8 6 ⁄8 in. (133 6 1.6 cm) long as measured
extensions made up of two or more segments (such as canopy
between the innermost surfaces of the crib end panels, slats,
post extensions) shall not permit the attachment of individual
rods, or spindles. Both measurements are to be made at the
segments such that the resultant vertical extension would be in
level of the mattress support in each of its adjustable positions
violation of the dimensional requirements of 5.4.
and no more than 2 in. (5 cm) from the crib corner posts or
5.5 Slat Construction—Slats shall not contain any lateral/
from the first spindle to the corresponding point of the first
transverse joints such as finger-joints, and other means of
spindle at the other end of the crib. If a crib has contoured or
joining pieces of lumber end-to-end are not permitted.
decorative spindles, in either or both of the sides or ends, the
measurement shall be determined from the largest diameter of
5.6 Crib Side Configurations:
thefirstturnedspindlewithinarangeof4in.(10cm)abovethe
5.6.1 Cribs with side(s) having movable components in-
mattress support in each of its adjustable positions, to a
tended to aid in access to the occupant shall have those sides
corresponding point on the first spindle or innermost surface of
rigidly attached to the crib ends and contain no movable
the opposite side of the crib.
section less than 20 in. (51 cm) above the top of the mattress
5.7.2 Rail Height—The rail height dimensions shall be as
support in its lowest adjustable position.
follows:
5.6.2 Cribs with only stationary sides shall meet the follow-
5.7.2.1 The height of the rail and end panel as measured
ing criteria: The height of the uppermost surface of any top
from the top of the rail or panel in its lowest position to the top
horizontal rail shall be at least 15 in. (38 cm) above the top
of the mattress support in its highest position shall be at least
surface of the mattress support in its highest adjustable
9 in. (22.8 cm).
position.
5.7.2.2 The height of the rail and end panel as measured
fromthetopoftherailorpanelinitshighestpositiontothetop
ofthemattresssupportinitslowestpositionshallbeatleast26
in. (66 cm).
5.8 Spacing of Crib Components:
5.8.1 The distance between components (such as slats,
spindles, crib rods, and corner posts) shall not be greater than
2 ⁄8 in. (6 cm) at any point. Measurement of distance between
contoured or irregular slats or spindles shall be done by a 2
⁄8-in. wide by 4-in. high by 4-in. long (6-cm wide by 10-cm
high by 10-cm long) rectangular block that shall not pass
through the space.
5.8.2 The distance between such components shall not
exceed 2 ⁄2 in. (6.3 cm) when a 20-lb (9-kg) direct force is
applied in accordance with the test method in 7.8. For
contoured or irregular slats or spindles, the spacing shall not
1 1 1
permit passage of a 2 ⁄2-in. wide by 3 ⁄4-in. high by 3 ⁄4-in.
long (6.3-cm wide by 8.2-cm high by 8.2-cm long) rectangular
block above and below the loading wedge when a 20-lb (9-kg)
direct force is applied in accordance with said test method.
5.9 Toe Holds—Crib end panels and sides or any attachment
FIG. 1 Illustration of Requirements for Crib Corner Post Exten-
sions thereto shall have no horizontal bar, ledge, projection, or other
F1169−19
surface accessible to a child inside the crib capable of being inspect and copy such records, make such inventories of stock
usedasatoeholdlocatedmorethan3in.(7.6cm)andlessthan as he deems necessary, and otherwise verify the accuracy of
20 in. (51 cm) above the mattress support in its lowest position such records.
when the side rail is in its highest position. In no case will any
5.13 Except as noted in 6.7, before and after testing, the
gap between the top surface of the mattress support and the
product shall comply with all the requirements of Section 5.
bottom of the lower horizontal rail be permitted. For the
5.14 There shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as
purposes of this paragraph, any horizontal ledge or projection
defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before or
with a depth dimension greater than ⁄8 in. (1 cm) shall
after testing to this specification.
constitute a toehold. The top horizontal rail of an adjacent side
shall not be considered a toe hold. 5.15 There shall be no flammable solids as defined in 16
CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) before or after testing in accordance
5.10 Hardware and Fasteners—Acribshallbedesignedand
with this specification.
constructed in a manner that eliminates from any hardware
5.16 Openings—Holes or slots that extend entirely through
accessible to a child within the crib the possibility of the
a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in.
hardware’s presenting a mechanical hazard through pinching,
(9.53-mm) thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod
bruising, lacerating, crushing, breaking, amputating, or other-
shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or
wise injuring portions of the human body when the crib is in
slots that are between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53
normal use or when subjected to reasonably foreseeable
mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm),
damage or abuse.
but are limited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by
5.10.1 Wood Screws—Wood screws shall not be used in the
another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The
assembly of stationary sides, folding sides, or stabilizing bars
product shall be evaluated in all manufacturer’s recommended
to crib ends or other components that must be removed by the
use positions. Holes and openings in surfaces that are in
consumer in the normal disassembly of a crib.
contact with the floor or are in the mattress support or below
5.10.1.1 No crib shall require consumer assembly of key
the mattress support are exempt from this requirement because
structural elements using wood screw fasteners. This shall not
they are deemed not accessible to the occupant or child on the
apply to drawers or other storage components or accessory
outsides of the product.
items.
5.17 Scissoring, Shearing, or Pinching—Aproduct,whenin
5.10.2 Factory assembly using wood screws on key struc-
the manufacturer’s recommended use position, shall be de-
tural elements is allowed if the wood screws are a second
signed and constructed to prevent injury to the occupant from
method of attachment or the wood screws include a lock
any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or com-
washer, glue or other means to impede loosening or detach-
ponents rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide,
ment.
pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another.
5.10.3 Metal inserts with external wood screw threads for
Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall
screwing into a wood component and providing internal
not be permissible when the edges of the rigid parts admit a
machine threads to accommodate a machine screw shall be
probe that is greater than 0.210 in. (5.30 mm) and less than
gluedorincludeothermeanstoimpedelooseningordetaching.
0.375 in. (9.50 mm) diameter at any accessible point through-
5.10.4 Wood screws are permitted to be used as the primary
out the range of motion of such parts. These requirements do
fasteners or only fasteners for non-key structural elements.
not apply to the recognized and familiar hazards associated
5.10.5 Metal threaded fasteners, such as sheet metal screws
withtheraisingorclosingactionofmoveableorfoldablesides.
and machine screws, secured into metal components and used
5.18 Labeling:
to attach key structural elements shall have lock washers,
5.18.1 Paper warning labels shall be permanent when tested
self-locking nuts, or other means to impede loosening as
in accordance with 7.14.1.
defined in 6.6.2 or detachment during the testing required by
5.18.2 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts when
this specification.
tested in accordance with 7.14.2.
5.11 Toy accessories attached to, removed from, or sold
5.18.3 Warning labels attached by a seam shall be perma-
withaproduct,aswellastheirmeansofattachment,mustmeet
nent when tested in accordance with 7.14.3.
applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification
5.18.4 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface
F963.
of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood
burning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance
5.12 Recordkeeping—A manufacturer or importer of cribs
with 7.14.4.
shall keep and maintain for six years after production or
5.18.5 Storage pouch or other part with warning statements
importation of each lot, or other suitable identifying unit,
printed on it, excluding labels, shall be considered permanent
records of sale, distribution, and results of all inspections and
if it cannot be removed when tested in accordance with 7.14.5.
tests conducted in accordance with this specification. These
records shall be made available upon request, at reasonable 5.19 Cord/Strap Length—No cord or strap made of a
times to any officer, employee, or agent action on behalf of the flexible material such as fabric, elastic, or plastic having a free
Consumer Product Safety Commission. The manufacturer or stretched length in excess of 7.4 in. (188 mm) shall be attached
importer shall permit such officer, employee, or agent to to a product. Restraint straps that are attached to accessories
F1169−19
FIG. 2Opening Example
outside of the occupant retention area shall only be evaluated 6. Performance Requirements
for the length that can extend into the occupant retention area.
6.1 Plastic Teething Rail Test Requirement—Thefeelergage
Test in accordance with 7.13.
specified in 7.1.2.1 shall not enter any gap created by the
5.20 Cribs that Fold for Storage or Transport—Any unit
deflection or deformation, or both, of the plastic teething rail
thatfoldsforstorageortransportshallhavealockingdeviceor
resulting from the application of a 50-lbf (222-N) vertically
other provision in the design that will prevent the unit from
downward force.
unintentionally folding when properly placed in the manufac-
6.2 Cycle Testing—No crib shall exhibit structural failure,
turer’s recommended use position.
loosening of fasteners as defined in 6.2.1, damage to latching
5.20.1 During and upon completion of all testing, the unit
or locking mechanisms, or failure of latching or locking
shall remain in its manufacturer’s recommended use position.
mechanisms when tested in accordance with the test methods
5.20.2 If a unit is designed with a locking device:
in 7.2.
5.20.2.1 That device shall remain engaged and operative
6.2.1 After testing in accordance with the procedure in 7.2,
after testing.
key structural elements attached by screws or threaded fasten-
5.20.2.2 Each single-action locking device that is provided
ers shall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1.00 mm)
to prevent folding shall require a minimum force of 10 lbf (45
upon completion of testing.
N) to activate the release mechanism when tested in accor-
dance with 7.12. 6.3 Crib Side Latch Test Requirements:
F1169−19
6.3.1 The latching mechanism securing a moveable or adjacent to the rail from which these have separated and
folding side of a crib shall automatically engage when the side applying a 20-lbf (90-N) pull force to the wedge in a direction
is placed in the normal use position. normal to the plane of the crib side. If a spindle or slat moves
6.3.2 The latching mechanism shall not disengage during awayfromtheholeintherailinwhichitwasformerlysecured,
thetestsconductedinaccordancewiththeprocedurein7.3.4or complete separation has occurred.
7.3.5 (whichever is appropriate), and shall continue to function 6.6.2 Components attached by screws shall not have sepa-
in the intended manner upon completion of the tests. rated by more than 0.04 in. (1 mm) upon completion of testing.
6.3.3 Each single-action latching device that is provided to 6.6.3 Any spindles or slats that could be rotated during the
secure a moveable or folding side shall require a minimum torquetestshallcomplywiththespacingofcribcomponentsof
force of 10 lbf (4.5 kg) to activate the release mechanism or Section 5 when turned to their most adverse position.
shall consist of a double-action device requiring two distinct
6.7 Spindle/Slat Strength Testing—After testing in accor-
and separate actions for release.
dance with the procedure in 7.7, there shall be no complete
6.4 Mattress Support System Vertical Impact Test breakage of any spindle/slat or complete separation of either
Requirements—After testing in accordance with the procedure end of a spindle/slat from the crib assembly’s horizontal
in 7.4, the crib shall comply with the requirements of Section members when tested per 7.7.2 and 7.7.3 except as explained
5. Key structural elements attached by screws shall not have in 7.7.4.Any failure, as defined in this paragraph, when testing
separated by more than 0.04 in. (1.00 mm) upon completion of per 7.7.4 and 7.7.5 shall constitute a failure of the test.Audible
testing. indications during testing shall not constitute evidence of
failure. After testing, the spacing between all adjacent intact
6.5 Mattress Support System Test Requirement—When
spindles/slatsshallcomplywithrequirementsof5.8.2.Spacing
tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.5, the mattress
between slats that have an intervening gap due to an allowable
support system shall not detach from the crib at any point of
slat breakage shall not be evaluated for compliance with 5.8.2.
attachment, or the force applied in 7.5.3.6 cannot be main-
Any resultant damage to the rail or slat, or both, arising from
tained for 10 s.
an allowed slat breakage, under subsection 7.7, shall not be
6.6 Crib Side Test Requirements—Each crib side containing
evaluated for compliance with any other section of this
spindles or slats shall be tested in accordance with the
standard.
procedure in 7.6.
6.8 Cutouts—Cribs shall comply with the requirements for
6.6.1 After completion of the cyclic and static portions of
cutouts when tested in accordance with the method outlined in
the side tests, the crib shall comply with the requirements of
7.9.
Section 5 and no spindles or slats shall have broken or
completely separated from the top or bottom rail. Complete 6.9 Entrapment in Accessories—These requirements apply
separation shall be determined by placing a right triangular to accessories as defined in 3.1 that attach to or rest on a crib.
prism shaped wedge (see Fig. 3) between two spindles or slats (See Fig. 4 for an example of an accessory that attaches to the
FIG. 3Crib Slat Loading Wedge
F1169−19
FIG. 4Example of Accessory Attached to Crib
crib on one side and has attachment points that rest on the crib 7.1.2 Apparatus for Plastic Teething Rail Test:
on the other side.) This only applies to accessories in the
7.1.2.1 Feeler Gage, 0.040 by 1 in. (1.00 by 25 mm).
occupant retention area.
7.1.2.2 Hardwood Block, with 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm)
6.9.1 When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.10,
contact area.
openings shall not allow the complete passage of the small
7.1.2.3 Hardware, to apply 50 lbf (222 N) to block.
head probe shown in Fig. 5, unless they allow the complete
7.1.3 Procedure for Plastic Teething Rail Test:
passage of the large head probe shown in Fig. 6.
7.1.3.1 Install the teething rail per normal manufacturing
6.9.2 When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.10,
practice.
all attachment points shall remain attached and any opening
7.1.3.2 With the plastic teething rail assembled to crib top
exposed by the test shall not allow the complete passage of the
rail, apply a 50-lbf (222-N) vertically downward force to the
small head probe shown in Fig. 5.
top of the teething rail through the hardwood block at the
6.10 Mattress Support System Openings—There shall be no
center top of the teething rail. While maintaining this force,
openings in the mattress support system that will permit
determineifthe0.040in.(1.00mm)feelergagecanbeinserted
complete passage of the wedge block described in Fig. 7 when
between the vertical surfaces of the top rail and the inside
tested in accordance with 7.11.
surface or edge of the plastic teething rail (see Fig. 8).
6.11 The performance testing requirements of this section
7.1.3.3 Repeat 7.1.3.2 at center location wherever a plastic
shall be performed in the following order:
teething rail is located.
(1) Teething rail test
7.2 Dynamic Structural Tests:
(2) Cyclic testing
7.2.1 Horizontal Cyclic Testing:
(3) Crib side latch testing
7.2.1.1 The crib, including any accessories that are rigidly
(4) Mattress support system vertical impact testing
mounted to the crib, shall be assembled per the manufacturer’s
(5) Mattress support system testing
instructions except that any wheels or casters shall not be
(6) Crib side testing
assembled. The testing in this section shall be conducted
(7) Slat/spindle strength test
without casters. Items, such as drawers and hampers, when
7. Test Methods
assembled in the manufacturer’s recommended use positions,
that are intended to move or slide and can be removed without
7.1 Plastic Teething Rail Test:
the aid of tools shall be removed before testing.
7.1.1 General—This test consists of deforming the plastic
teething rail under load to determine the security of the 7.2.1.2 The crib legs or base shall be restrained by an
attachment. appropriate method to prohibit movement of the crib and shall
F1169−19
NOTE 1—Dimensions are based on a 5th percentile 6-month-old child. Gauge may be modified to facilitate testing to allow for pulling of the gauge.
FIG. 5Small Head Probe
not impede the application of the load or deflection of the side without casters. Items, like drawers and hampers, when as-
being tested for all phases of this test procedure. sembled in the manufacturer’s recommended use positions,
7.2.1.3 By any appropriate means, mark and note the that are intended to move or slide and can be removed without
position and condition of all key structural elements to support the aid of tools shall be removed before testing.
evaluation of 6.2.1.
7.2.2.2 The crib legs or base shall be restrained by an
7.2.1.4 Using a rigid frame structure and an appropriately
appropriate method to prohibit movement of the crib and shall
designed apparatus, apply a cyclical horizontal load of 27 6 2
not impede the application of the load or deflection of the side
lbf (120 6 9 N) to the geometric center of the top of each
being tested for all phases of this test procedure.
side/end assembly at a point no more than 1 in. from the top of
7.2.2.3 By any appropriate means, mark and note the
therailontheassemblybeingtested.Theforceshallbeapplied
position and condition of all key structural elements to support
to the crib through a rigid 2 in. (51 mm) wide clamping device
evaluation of 6.2.1.
in both the inward and outward directions, a cycle being
7.2.2.4 Using a rigid frame structure and an appropriately
defined as the application of the 27 lbf force in each direction.
designed apparatus, apply a cyclical vertical load of 27 6 2 lbf
The frequency shall be no less than 155 6 5 cycles per minute.
(120 6 9 N) to the geometric center of the top of each side/end
The total number of cycles shall be 9000.
assembly at a point centered no more than 1 in. from the top of
NOTE1—Anappropriatelydesignedapparatusforapplyingthe27lbfto
therailontheassemblybeingtested.Theforceshallbeapplied
the crib assembly must be designed to maintain the 27 lbf for the duration
to the crib through a rigid 2-in. (51-mm) wide clamping device
of the cycle testing. The resistance of the crib assembly may change with
in both the upward and downward directions, a cycle being
repeated cycling requiring a different deflection distance to achieve the
defined as the application of the 27 lbf force in each direction.
constant application of 27 lbf.
The frequency shall be no less than 155 6 5 cycles per minute.
7.2.1.5 Repeat the steps described in 7.2.1.3 and 7.2.1.4 for
The total number of cycles shall be 9000.
all remaining side/end assemblies of the crib without retight-
ening any of the fasteners.
NOTE2—Anappropriatelydesignedapparatusforapplyingthe27lbfto
7.2.1.6 Inspect the crib and the fasteners to ensure compli-
the crib assembly must be designed to maintain the 27 lbf for the duration
of the cycle testing. The resistance of the crib assembly may change with
ance with 6.2.
repeated cycling requiring a different deflection distance to achieve the
7.2.2 Vertical Cyclic Testing:
constant application of 27 lbf.
7.2.2.1 The crib, including any accessories that are rigidly
mounted to the crib, shall be assembled per the manufacturer’s 7.2.2.5 Repeat the steps in 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4 for all
instructions except that any wheels or casters shall not be remaining assemblies of the crib without retightening any of
assembled. The testing in this section shall be conducted the fasteners.
F1169−19
NOTE 1—The 9.0 in. diameter is based on the back-of-head to tip-of-chin dimension for a 97th percentile 3-year old.
FIG. 6Large Head Probe
7.2.2.6 Inspect the crib and the fasteners to ensure compli- the crib side at a point that is 6 in. (150 mm) from one end of
ance with 6.2.
the rail.While the 60-lbf (270-N) downward force is applied to
the crib side, gradually apply within5sa 30-lbf (133-N)
7.3 Crib Side Latch Test:
horizontal force in a direction parallel to the moveable side.
7.3.1 General—This test assists in evaluating the integrity
Thepointofapplicationofthisforceshallbeintheplaneofthe
of the crib side latching system under abusive load conditions.
moveable side and 1 in. (25 mm) down from the top of the crib
The test applies a force to a movable/folding crib side in a
direction tending to cause latch failure while a horizontal force corner post (or crib end panel for construction not incorporat-
is applied parallel to the major axis of the crib. ingcribcornerposts(seeFig.9).Maintainthishorizontalforce
7.3.2 Apparatus for Crib Side Latch Test:
for 30 s then reverse its direction and maintain it for an
7.3.2.1 Hardwoodblockwithacontactareaof2by2in.(50
additional 30 s.
by 50 mm) for distribution of applied loads.
7.3.4.2 Repeat this procedure at the other end of the crib
7.3.3 Procedure for Crib Side Latch Test:
moveable side and, if the crib has more than one moveable
7.3.3.1 Casters shall not be installed on crib. Secure the
side, perform the test at each end of each moveable side.
bottom of the crib in a manner that will prevent horizontal
7.3.4.3 Upon completion of the test, release the moveable
motion.
side latch and lower the crib side. Then raise the side and
7.3.4 Moveable Side Latch Test:
observe whether the latch automatically engages in the manner
7.3.4.1 Gradually apply within5sa vertically downward
intended by the manufacturer.
force of 60 lbf (270 N) through a hardwood block witha2by
2 in. (50 by 50 mm) contact area to the upper horizontal rail of 7.3.5 Folding Side Latch Test:
F1169−19
FIG. 7Wedge Block
FIG. 8 Teething Rail Test
FIG. 9 Crib Side Latch Test
7.3.5.1 Place the folding side in the latched position.
Through a hardwood block with contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 Maintainthishorizontalforcefor30sthenreverseitsdirection
by50mm),graduallyapplywithin5saforceof30lbf(133-N) and maintain it for an additional 30 s.
horizontally outward, perpendicular to, and at a point that is 6 7.3.5.2 Place the folding side in the latched position.
in.(150mm)fromoneendofthefoldingsideupperrail.While Through a hardwood block with contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50
this 30-lbf (133-N) force is applied to the crib side, gradually by50mm),graduallyapplywithin5saforceof30lbf(133-N)
applywithin5sa30-lbf(133-N)horizontalforceinadirection horizontallyinward,perpendicularto,andatapointthatis6in.
parallel to the folding side. The point of application of this (150 mm) from one end of the folding side upper rail. While
force shall be in the plane of the folding side and 1 in. (25 mm) this 30-lbf (133-N) force is applied to the crib side, gradually
down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for applywithin5sa30-lbf(133-N)horizontalforceinadirection
construction not incorporating crib corner posts—see Fig. 9). parallel to the folding side. The point of application of this
F1169−19
force shall be in the plane of the folding side and 1 in. (25 mm)
down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for
construction not incorporating crib corner posts—see Fig. 9).
Maintainthishorizontalforcefor30sthenreverseitsdirection
and maintain it for an additional 30 s.
7.3.5.3 Repeat the procedures defined in 7.3.5.1 and 7.3.5.2
at the other end of the folding side. If the crib has more than
one folding side, perform this test at each end of each folding
side.
7.3.5.4 Upon completion of the test, release the folding side
latches and lower the crib side.Then raise the side and observe
whether the latches automatically engage in the manner in-
tended by the manufacturer.
7.4 Mattress Support System Vertical Impact Test:
7.4.1 General—This test consists of dropping a specified
weight repeatedly onto a polyurethane foam pad covered in
vinyl supported by the crib mattress support system. The test
assists in evaluating the structural integrity of the crib assem-
bly.
7.4.2 Apparatus:
7.4.2.1 Aguided free-fall impacting system machine (which
keeps the upper surface of the impact mass parallel to the
horizontal surface on which the crib is secured) (see Fig. 10).
7.4.2.2 A 45-lb (20-kg) impact mass (see Fig. 11 and Fig.
12).
FIG. 11Profile of Impact Mass
7.4.2.3 A 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge.
7.4.2.4 A 2-in. (50-mm) square gauge/spacer block.
7.4.2.5 A test mattress with a 3-in. (7.6-cm) thick sheet of
polyurethane foam having a density of 1.9 6 0.4 lb/ft (30 6 6
of the test mattress dimensions are to be determined by placing
kg/m ),a25%indentationforcedeflection(IFD)of32.4 66.7
the mattress on the mattress support and pushing it fully over
lb (144 6 30 N) and dimensions that shall not be more than 1
to one side. Measure the gap formed between the mattress and
in. (25 mm) shorter and 1 in. (25 mm) narrower than the
the crib side/end assemblies, which should not be greater than
respective interior dimensions of the product, covered with a
1 in. (25 mm) in both the length and width.
tight-fitting 8- to 12-gauge vinyl material (tick).The suitability
7.4.3 Procedure:
7.4.3.1 Adjust the mattress support to its lowest position.
7.4.3.2 Put the test mattress in place. Do NOT use the
mattress supplied with the crib. The same test mattress may be
used for testing more than one crib if it meets the requirements
of 7.4.2.5.
7.4.3.3 Secure the product to the horizontal test plane,
remove the castors if supplied. Once the test has begun, no
attemptshallbemadeatretighteningfastenerswhichmayhave
loosened because of vibration. The test shall proceed without
any corrective intervention of adjusting the height difference
between the drop weight and mattress, until its completion,
unless extensive damage, dislodging or deformation occurs
during the course of the test, in which case the test shall be
terminated.
7.4.3.4 Position the geometric center of the test mattress
below the geometric center of the impact mass.
7.4.3.5 Adjust the distance between the top surface of the
mattress and bottom surface of the impact mass to 6 in. (150
mm) (using the 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge, per 7.4.2.3) when
the impact mass is in its highest position. Lock the impactor
mechanism at this height and do not adjust the height during
impacting to compensate for any change in distance as a result
of the mattress compressing or the mattress support deforming
FIG. 10 Typical Test Frame or moving during impacting.
F1169−19
FIG. 12View of Impact Mass
7.4.3.6 Allow the 45-lb (20.0-kg) impact mass to fall freely the other side that makes up the corner to be tested (see Fig.
150 times at the rate of one impact every 4 s. Load retraction 14).
shall not begin until at least 2 s after the start of the drop.
7.5 Mattress Support System Test:
7.4.3.7 Repeatthestepdescribedin7.4.3.6ateachcornerof
7.5.1 General—This test assists in evaluating the integrity
the mattress support, with the center of the impact mass 6 in.
of the attachment of the mattress support to the crib. A
(150 mm) from the two sides forming the corners of the crib.
vertically upward force is applied to the mattress support to
To position the mass for a standard rectangular-shaped crib,
evaluate its attachment to the crib.
place a 2-in. (50-mm) spacer block against one of the sides of
7.5.2 Apparatus for Mattress Support System Test:
the corner to be tested and move the impact mass until it
touches the spacer block (see Fig. 13). Repeat this process for 7.5.2.1 Corner Block, see Fig. 15.
FIG. 13Spacer Block
F1169−19
FIG. 14Spacer Block
only one corner. If more than one support design is used, each
point of attachment utilizing a different design must be tested.
7.5.3.4 Apply the force with the mattress support in each of
the adjustment positions.
7.5.3.5 Apply the 25-lbf (111-N) force to the mattress
support through a diagonally positioned test member such that
the centerline of this test member contacts the underside of the
mattresssupportatpoints6in.(150mm)fromthecornerofthe
support (6 in. (150 mm) from the projected corner for a
mattress support not having a square corner). (See Fig. 15.)
7.5.3.6 Apply the 25-lbf (111-N) force gradually within a
period of 5 s and maintain it for an additional 10 s before
releasing the force.
7.6 Crib Side Test:
7.6.1 General—This test consists of repeatedly impacting a
crib side/end bottom rail by a specified weight.After complet-
ing the cyclic testing, structural integrity is tested by applying
a static pull to the side assembly followed by a torque test of
each spindle or slat.
7.6.2 Apparatus for Crib Side Cyclic Test—The apparatus
for the cyclic test (see Fig. 16) includes the following:
7.6.2.1 A 30-lb (13.6-kg) weight.
7.6.2.2 A 0.375-in. (9-mm) thick 30 Type A durometer
rubber pad large enough to cover the impact area.
FIG. 15 Typical Mattress Support Detail
7.6.2.3 Impactorwithawidthof1in.(25mm)andsufficient
length to extend across the full width of the bottom rail.
7.6.3 Apparatus for Crib Side Static Test—A 100-lb (45.4-
kg) weight.
7.5.3 Procedure for Mattress Support System Test:
7.6.4 Crib Side Cyclic Tests:
7.5.3.1 Securethecribtopreventupwardmotionduringthis
7.6.4.1 The crib is to be assembled in accordance with the
test.
manufacturer’s instructions except that casters shall not be
7.5.3.2 Allprocedureswillbeconductedwithnomattressin
installed on the crib.
the crib.
7.5.3.3 If the mattress support system utilizes a common 7.6.4.2 Secure the bottom ends of the crib to eliminate
support design at all points of attachment, testing is required in horizontal motion at the base.
F1169−19
incorporating folding or moveable sides for purposes of easier
access to the occupant, storage, or transport, or a combination
thereof, each side segment (portion of side separated by hinges
for folding) shall be tested separately.
7.7.2 Gradually,overaperiodofnotlessthan2snorgreater
than 5 s, apply an 80-lb force (355.8 N) perpendicular to the
plane of the side at the midpoint, between the top and bottom
of the spindle/slat being tested. This force shall be applied
through a force measuring device and contact area 1 6 ⁄16 in.
(25.4 6 1.6 mm) wide by a length at least equal to the width
of the spindle/slat being tested at the point of application. This
force shall be maintained for 10 s. The force measuring device
must be capable of recording the force at breakage, if breakage
occurs during this test. This force measuring device must be
capable of a maximum measurement resolution of 0.25 lbf
(1.11 N).
7.7.3 Test, according to 7.7.2, 25 % (rounding up to the
nearest percentage, if necessary) of all spindles/slats. Spindles/
slats that offer the least resistance to bending based upon their
geometry shall be selected to be tested within this grouping of
25 % except that adjacent spindles/slats shall no
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1169 − 13 F1169 − 19
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
Full-Size Baby Cribs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety specification addresses crib incidents that were identified by the U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
CPSC received reports of strangulations incidents associated with crib corner post extensions and
incidents concerning failure of crib hardware and other structural components of cribs that also
resulted in fatalities.
In response to the incident data collected by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts
to minimize the risk of injury or death due to: failure of mattress support hardware, failure of glued
or bolted connections, side latch failure, and dislodgment of teething rails. This safety specification
also addresses incidents associated with poor maintenance or assembly by means of requirements for
the contents of instructional literature that must accompany a crib.
1. Scope
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes performance requirements and test procedures to determine the structural
integrity of full-size cribs. It also contains design requirements addressing entanglement on crib corner post extensions, and
requirements for warning labels and instructional material. It also covers bassinet, changing table, or similar accessories to a crib
that when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position are in the occupant retention area. These accessories shall also comply
with the applicable requirements of the ASTM International standards addressing those accessories. For example, a changing table
that attaches to a crib shall also comply with the applicable requirements in Consumer Safety Specification F2388. This
specification does not cover inflatable products.
1.2 No crib produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate
compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 on Cribs, Toddler
Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013March 15, 2019. Published May 2013April 2019. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as
F1169 – 11.F1169 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/F1169-13.10.1520/F1169-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1169 − 19
F2388 Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Products for Domestic Use
2.2 Federal Standards:
16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
16 CFR 1500.3 Definitions
16 CFR 1500.44 Method for Determining Extremely Flammable & Flammable Solids
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended for
Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.50–.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age Which
Present Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts
2.3 European Standard:
EN 716 Furniture - Children’s cots and folding cots for domestic use
3. Terminology
3.1 accessory, n—component with a rigid frame such as a bassinet or changing table that attaches to or rests on a crib in the
occupant retention area only and that because of its structure, location, or movement, may expose crib occupant to an opening
presenting an entrapment hazard.
3.1.1 Discussion—
It does not include (1) items that hang outside the occupant retention areas, such as organizers and storage bags; (2) canopies that
have no rigid frame members running alongside any top rail; (3) components that attach only to another accessory and not directly
to the crib; (4) dressing tables and bassinets that are attached to the crib and outside the occupant retention area; or (5) toy
accessories covered under 5.11.
3.2 cord, n—length of slender flexible material including monofilaments, rope, woven and twisted cord, plastic and textile tapes,
ribbon, and those materials commonly called string.
3.3 dynamic load, n—application of an impulsive force by a free falling mass.
3.4 folding side, n—a side, or a part thereof, that is intended to fold or pivot with respect to the frame when the product is in
the manufacturer’s recommended use position to provide easier access to the occupant.
3.5 full-size crib, n—a bed that is designed to provide sleeping accommodations for an infant that is intended for use in the home
and is within a range of 62 in. (65.1 cm) of the interior length or width dimensions specified for full-size baby cribs in 5.7.
3.5.1 Discussion—
Cribs having an interior length dimension either greater than 55 in. (139.7 cm) or smaller than 49 ⁄4 in. (126.3 cm), or an interior
5 3
width dimension greater than 30 ⁄8 in. (77.7 cm) or smaller than 25 ⁄8 in. (64.3 cm), or both, are considered non-full-size cribs
and do not fall within the scope of this specification.
3.6 key structural elements, n—side assemblies, end assemblies, mattress supports, or stabilizing bars which create the occupant
retention area.
3.7 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any position that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptive or
instructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for use of the product; this specifically excludes
positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.
3.8 mattress support system, n—those components of a bed structure that are intended for a mattress to rest upon.
3.9 moveable side, n—top portion of an otherwise stationary side that is intended to move with respect to the frame (other than
a folding side) when the product is in the manufacturer’s recommended use position to provide easier access to the occupant.
3.10 nonpaper label, n—any label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tears
leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.
3.11 occupant, n—that individual who is in the product when it is setup in one of the manufacturer’s use positions.
3.12 occupant retention area, n—any area designated by the manufacturer as being the recommended sleeping area for the
occupant of the product.
Available from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207.
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
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3.13 static load, n—force applied by a calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.
3.14 stationary side, n—a side or end panel that is not intended to fold, slide or move with respect to the frame when the product
is in the manufacturer’s recommended use position.
3.15 strap, n—piece of flexible material of which the width is significantly greater than the thickness.
3.16 structural failure, n—damage to a component(s) or assembly resulting in partial separation (greater than 0.040 in. (1.00
mm) over original configuration), or complete separation of the component(s) or assembly.
4. Calibration and Standardization
4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor which may be covered with ⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering.
4.2 The crib shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.
4.4 The item to be tested shall be in a room with ambient temperature of 73.4 6 9°F (23 6 5°C) for at least 24 h prior to testing.
Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.
5. General Requirements
5.1 Before performing any of the tests in this specification all wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.
5.1.1 All wood parts shall be free from splits, cracks, or other defects that might lead to structural failure.
5.2 Surface Coatings—The paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.
5.3 Small Parts—There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to
this specification.
5.4 Corner Posts:
5.4.1 No corner post assembly shall extend more than 0.06 in. (1.50 mm) above the upper edge of an end or side panel,
whichever is higher, when measured from the lowest point on the upper edge of the end or side panel within 3 in. (76 mm) from
the outermost contour of the post or elbow (see Fig. 1).
5.4.1.1 This requirement applies when any moveable side/folding side is in either the raised or lowered position.
5.4.2 The limitations in 5.4.1 do not apply to a corner post assembly that extends at least 16 in. (400 mm) above the uppermost
surface of the side rail in its highest position.
5.4.3 Corner posts intended to accept removable vertical extensions made up of two or more segments (such as canopy post
extensions) shall not permit the attachment of individual segments such that the resultant vertical extension would be in violation
of the dimensional requirements of 5.4.
5.5 Slat Construction—Slats shall not contain any lateral/transverse joints such as finger-joints, and other means of joining
pieces of lumber end-to-end are not permitted.
5.6 Crib Side Configurations:
FIG. 1 Illustration of Requirements for Crib Corner Post Extensions
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5.6.1 Cribs with side(s) having movable components intended to aid in access to the occupant shall have those sides rigidly
attached to the crib ends and contain no movable section less than 20 in. (51 cm) above the top of the mattress support in its lowest
adjustable position.
5.6.2 Cribs with only stationary sides shall meet the following criteria: The height of the uppermost surface of any top horizontal
rail shall be at least 15 in. (38 cm) above the top surface of the mattress support in its highest adjustable position.
5.6.3 Should any adjacent sides of a crib that have slats or spindles have a height difference between their top rails of more than
6 in. and either of their top rails are less than 40 in. (102 cm) high as measured from the top of the mattress support in its lowest
position to the top of the sides, then the higher of the two sides may not have a toe hold (as defined in 5.9) that is located more
than 6 in. (15 cm) below the top of the side. The height difference shall be measured within 6 in. (15 cm) of the intersection of
the two sides. This provision does not apply to folding or moveable sides. The top horizontal rail of an adjacent side shall not be
considered a toe hold. This provision does not apply to toe holds located less than 3 in. (7.6 cm) from the top of the mattress support
in its lowest position as allowed in 5.9.
5.7 Full-Size Baby Cribs—Dimensions:
5.7.1 The interior dimensions shall be 28 6 ⁄8 in. (71 6 1.6 cm) wide as measured between the innermost surfaces of the crib
3 5
sides and 52 ⁄8 6 ⁄8 in. (133 6 1.6 cm) long as measured between the innermost surfaces of the crib end panels, slats, rods, or
spindles. Both measurements are to be made at the level of the mattress support in each of its adjustable positions and no more
than 2 in. (5 cm) from the crib corner posts or from the first spindle to the corresponding point of the first spindle at the other end
of the crib. If a crib has contoured or decorative spindles, in either or both of the sides or ends, the measurement shall be determined
from the largest diameter of the first turned spindle within a range of 4 in. (10 cm) above the mattress support in each of its
adjustable positions, to a corresponding point on the first spindle or innermost surface of the opposite side of the crib.
5.7.2 Rail Height—The rail height dimensions shall be as follows:
5.7.2.1 The height of the rail and end panel as measured from the top of the rail or panel in its lowest position to the top of the
mattress support in its highest position shall be at least 9 in. (22.8 cm).
5.7.2.2 The height of the rail and end panel as measured from the top of the rail or panel in its highest position to the top of
the mattress support in its lowest position shall be at least 26 in. (66 cm).
5.8 Spacing of Crib Components:
5.8.1 The distance between components (such as slats, spindles, crib rods, and corner posts) shall not be greater than 2 ⁄8 in.
(6 cm) at any point. Measurement of distance between contoured or irregular slats or spindles shall be done by a 2 ⁄8-in. wide by
4-in. high by 4-in. long (6-cm wide by 10-cm high by 10-cm long) rectangular block that shall not pass through the space.
5.8.2 The distance between such components shall not exceed 2 ⁄2 in. (6.3 cm) when a 20-lb (9-kg) direct force is applied in
accordance with the test method in 7.8. For contoured or irregular slats or spindles, the spacing shall not permit passage of a 2
1 1 1
⁄2-in. wide by 3 ⁄4-in. high by 3 ⁄4-in. long (6.3-cm wide by 8.2-cm high by 8.2-cm long) rectangular block above and below the
loading wedge when a 20-lb (9-kg) direct force is applied in accordance with said test method.
5.9 Toe Holds—Crib end panels and sides or any attachment thereto shall have no horizontal bar, ledge, projection, or other
surface accessible to a child inside the crib capable of being used as a toehold located more than 3 in. (7.6 cm) and less than 20
in. (51 cm) above the mattress support in its lowest position when the side rail is in its highest position. In no case will any gap
between the top surface of the mattress support and the bottom of the lower horizontal rail be permitted. For the purposes of this
paragraph, any horizontal ledge or projection with a depth dimension greater than ⁄8 in. (1 cm) shall constitute a toehold. The top
horizontal rail of an adjacent side shall not be considered a toe hold.
5.10 Hardware and Fasteners—A crib shall be designed and constructed in a manner that eliminates from any hardware
accessible to a child within the crib the possibility of the hardware’s presenting a mechanical hazard through pinching, bruising,
lacerating, crushing, breaking, amputating, or otherwise injuring portions of the human body when the crib is in normal use or
when subjected to reasonably foreseeable damage or abuse.
5.10.1 Wood Screws—Wood screws shall not be used in the assembly of stationary sides, folding sides, or stabilizing bars to
crib ends or other components that must be removed by the consumer in the normal disassembly of a crib.
5.10.1.1 No crib shall require consumer assembly of key structural elements using wood screw fasteners. This shall not apply
to drawers or other storage components or accessory items.
5.10.2 Factory assembly using wood screws on key structural elements is allowed if the wood screws are a second method of
attachment or the wood screws include a lock washer, glue or other means to impede loosening or detachment.
5.10.3 Metal inserts with external wood screw threads for screwing into a wood component and providing internal machine
threads to accommodate a machine screw shall be glued or include other means to impede loosening or detaching.
5.10.4 Wood screws are permitted to be used as the primary fasteners or only fasteners for non-key structural elements.
5.10.5 Metal threaded fasteners, such as sheet metal screws and machine screws, secured into metal components and used to
attach key structural elements shall have lock washers, self-locking nuts, or other means to impede loosening as defined in 6.6.2
or detachment during the testing required by this specification.
5.11 Toy accessories attached to, removed from, or sold with a product, as well as their means of attachment, must meet
applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F963.
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5.12 Recordkeeping—A manufacturer or importer of cribs shall keep and maintain for six years after production or importation
of each lot, or other suitable identifying unit, records of sale, distribution, and results of all inspections and tests conducted in
accordance with this specification. These records shall be made available upon request, at reasonable times to any officer,
employee, or agent action on behalf of the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The manufacturer or importer shall permit such
officer, employee, or agent to inspect and copy such records, make such inventories of stock as he deems necessary, and otherwise
verify the accuracy of such records.
5.13 Except as noted in 6.7, before and after testing, the product shall comply with all the requirements of Section 5.
5.14 There shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before or after
testing to this specification.
5.15 There shall be no flammable solids as defined in 16 CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) before or after testing in accordance with this
specification.
5.16 Openings—Holes or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)
thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are
between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm), but are limited
in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product shall be evaluated
in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions. Holes and openings in surfaces that are in contact with the floor or are in the
mattress support or below the mattress support are exempt from this requirement because they are deemed not accessible to the
occupant or child on the outsides of the product.
FIG. 2 Opening Example
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5.17 Scissoring, Shearing, or Pinching—A product, when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, shall be designed
and constructed to prevent injury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotate
about a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or
pinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probe that is greater than 0.210
in. (5.30 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.50 mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts.
These requirements do not apply to the recognized and familiar hazards associated with the raising or closing action of moveable
or foldable sides.
5.18 Labeling:
5.18.1 Paper warning labels shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.14.1.
5.18.2 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.14.2.
5.18.3 Warning labels attached by a seam shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.14.3.
5.18.4 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood
burning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.14.4.
5.18.5 Storage pouch or other part with warning statements printed on it, excluding labels, shall be considered permanent if it
cannot be removed when tested in accordance with 7.14.5.
5.19 Cord/Strap Length—No cord or strap made of a flexible material such as fabric, elastic, or plastic having a free stretched
length in excess of 7.4 in. (188 mm) shall be attached to a product. Restraint straps that are attached to accessories outside of the
occupant retention area shall only be evaluated for the length that can extend into the occupant retention area. Test in accordance
with 7.13.
5.20 Cribs that Fold for Storage or Transport—Any unit that folds for storage or transport shall have a locking device or other
provision in the design that will prevent the unit from unintentionally folding when properly placed in the manufacturer’s
recommended use position.
5.20.1 During and upon completion of all testing, the unit shall remain in its manufacturer’s recommended use position.
5.20.2 If a unit is designed with a locking device:
5.20.2.1 That device shall remain engaged and operative after testing.
5.20.2.2 Each single-action locking device that is provided to prevent folding shall require a minimum force of 10 lbf (45 N)
to activate the release mechanism when tested in accordance with 7.12.
6. Performance Requirements
6.1 Plastic Teething Rail Test Requirement—The feeler gage specified in 7.1.2.1 shall not enter any gap created by the deflection
or deformation, or both, of the plastic teething rail resulting from the application of a 50-lbf (222-N) vertically downward force.
6.2 Cycle Testing—No crib shall exhibit structural failure, loosening of fasteners as defined in 6.2.1, damage to latching or
locking mechanisms, or failure of latching or locking mechanisms when tested in accordance with the test methods in 7.2.
6.2.1 After testing in accordance with the procedure in 7.2, key structural elements attached by screws or threaded fasteners
shall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1.00 mm) upon completion of testing.
6.3 Crib Side Latch Test Requirements:
6.3.1 The latching mechanism securing a moveable or folding side of a crib shall automatically engage when the side is placed
in the normal use position.
6.3.2 The latching mechanism shall not disengage during the tests conducted in accordance with the procedure in 7.3.4 or 7.3.5
(whichever is appropriate), and shall continue to function in the intended manner upon completion of the tests.
6.3.3 Each single-action latching device that is provided to secure a moveable or folding side shall require a minimum force
of 10 lbf (4.5 kg) to activate the release mechanism or shall consist of a double-action device requiring two distinct and separate
actions for release.
6.4 Mattress Support System Vertical Impact Test Requirements—After testing in accordance with the procedure in 7.4, the crib
shall comply with the requirements of Section 5. Key structural elements attached by screws shall not have separated by more than
0.04 in. (1.00 mm) upon completion of testing.
6.5 Mattress Support System Test Requirement—When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.5, the mattress support
system shall not detach from the crib at any point of attachment, or the force applied in 7.5.3.6 cannot be maintained for 10 s.
6.6 Crib Side Test Requirements—Each crib side containing spindles or slats shall be tested in accordance with the procedure
in 7.6.
6.6.1 After completion of the cyclic and static portions of the side tests, the crib shall comply with the requirements of Section
5 and no spindles or slats shall have broken or completely separated from the top or bottom rail. Complete separation shall be
determined by placing a right triangular prism shaped wedge (see Fig. 3) between two spindles or slats adjacent to the rail from
which these have separated and applying a 20-lbf (90-N) pull force to the wedge in a direction normal to the plane of the crib side.
If a spindle or slat moves away from the hole in the rail in which it was formerly secured, complete separation has occurred.
6.6.2 Components attached by screws shall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1 mm) upon completion of testing.
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FIG. 3 Crib Slat Loading Wedge
6.6.3 Any spindles or slats that could be rotated during the torque test shall comply with the spacing of crib components of
Section 5 when turned to their most adverse position.
6.7 Spindle/Slat Strength Testing—After testing in accordance with the procedure in 7.7, there shall be no complete breakage
of any spindle/slat or complete separation of either end of a spindle/slat from the crib assembly’s horizontal members when tested
per 7.7.2 and 7.7.3 except as explained in 7.7.4. Any failure, as defined in this paragraph, when testing per 7.7.4 and 7.7.5 shall
constitute a failure of the test. Audible indications during testing shall not constitute evidence of failure. After testing, the spacing
between all adjacent intact spindles/slats shall comply with requirements of 5.8.2. Spacing between slats that have an intervening
gap due to an allowable slat breakage shall not be evaluated for compliance with 5.8.2. Any resultant damage to the rail or slat,
or both, arising from an allowed slat breakage, under subsection 7.7, shall not be evaluated for compliance with any other section
of this standard.
6.8 Cutouts—Cribs shall comply with the requirements for cutouts when tested in accordance with the method outlined in 7.9.
6.9 Entrapment in Accessories—These requirements apply to accessories as defined in 3.1 that attach to or rest on a crib. (See
Fig. 4 for an example of an accessory that attaches to the crib on one side and has attachment points that rest on the crib on the
other side.) This only applies to accessories in the occupant retention area.
6.9.1 When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.10, openings shall not allow the complete passage of the small head
probe shown in Fig. 5, unless they allow the complete passage of the large head probe shown in Fig. 6.
6.9.2 When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.10, all attachment points shall remain attached and any opening
exposed by the test shall not allow the complete passage of the small head probe shown in Fig. 5.
6.10 Mattress Support System Openings—There shall be no openings in the mattress support system that will permit complete
passage of the wedge block described in Fig. 7 when tested in accordance with 7.11.
6.11 The performance testing requirements of this section shall be performed in the following order:
(1) Teething rail test
(2) Cyclic testing
(3) Crib side latch testing
(4) Mattress support system vertical impact testing
(5) Mattress support system testing
(6) Crib side testing
(7) Slat/spindle strength test
7. Test Methods
7.1 Plastic Teething Rail Test:
7.1.1 General—This test consists of deforming the plastic teething rail under load to determine the security of the attachment.
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FIG. 4 Example of Accessory Attached to Crib
NOTE 1—Dimensions are based on a 5th percentile 6-month-old child. Gauge may be modified to facilitate testing to allow for pulling of the gauge.
FIG. 5 Small Head Probe
7.1.2 Apparatus for Plastic Teething Rail Test:
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NOTE 1—The 9.0 in. diameter is based on the back-of-head to tip-of-chin dimension for a 97th percentile 3-year old.
FIG. 6 Large Head Probe
7.1.2.1 Feeler Gage, 0.040 by 1 in. (1.00 by 25 mm).
7.1.2.2 Hardwood Block, with 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm) contact area.
7.1.2.3 Hardware, to apply 50 lbf (222 N) to block.
7.1.3 Procedure for Plastic Teething Rail Test:
7.1.3.1 Install the teething rail per normal manufacturing practice.
7.1.3.2 With the plastic teething rail assembled to crib top rail, apply a 50-lbf (222-N) vertically downward force to the top of
the teething rail through the hardwood block at the center top of the teething rail. While maintaining this force, determine if the
0.040 in. (1.00 mm) feeler gage can be inserted between the vertical surfaces of the top rail and the inside surface or edge of the
plastic teething rail (see Fig. 8).
7.1.3.3 Repeat 7.1.3.2 at center location wherever a plastic teething rail is located.
7.2 Dynamic Structural Tests:
7.2.1 Horizontal Cyclic Testing:
7.2.1.1 The crib, including any accessories that are rigidly mounted to the crib, shall be assembled per the manufacturer’s
instructions except that any wheels or casters shall not be assembled. The testing in this section shall be conducted without casters.
Items, such as drawers and hampers, when assembled in the manufacturer’s recommended use positions, that are intended to move
or slide and can be removed without the aid of tools shall be removed before testing.
7.2.1.2 The crib legs or base shall be restrained by an appropriate method to prohibit movement of the crib and shall not impede
the application of the load or deflection of the side being tested for all phases of this test procedure.
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FIG. 7 Wedge Block
FIG. 8 Teething Rail Test
7.2.1.3 By any appropriate means, mark and note the position and condition of all key structural elements to support evaluation
of 6.2.1.
7.2.1.4 Using a rigid frame structure and an appropriately designed apparatus, apply a cyclical horizontal load of 27 6 2 lbf
(120 6 9 N) to the geometric center of the top of each side/end assembly at a point no more than 1 inin. from the top of the rail
on the assembly being tested. The force shall be applied to the crib through a rigid 2 in. (51 mm) wide clamping device in both
the inward and outward directions, a cycle being defined as the application of the 27 lbf force in each direction. The frequency
shall be no less than 155 6 5 cycles per minute. The total number of cycles shall be 9000.
NOTE 1—An appropriately designed apparatus for applying the 27 lbf to the crib assembly must be designed to maintain the 27 lbf for the duration
of the cycle testing. The resistance of the crib assembly may change with repeated cycling requiring a different deflection distance to achieve the constant
application of 27 lbf.
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7.2.1.5 Repeat the steps described in 7.2.1.3 and 7.2.1.4 for all remaining side/end assemblies of the crib without retightening
any of the fasteners.
7.2.1.6 Inspect the crib and the fasteners to ensure compliance with 6.2.
7.2.2 Vertical Cyclic Testing:
7.2.2.1 The crib, including any accessories that are rigidly mounted to the crib, shall be assembled per the manufacturer’s
instructions except that any wheels or casters shall not be assembled. The testing in this section shall be conducted without casters.
Items, like drawers and hampers, when assembled in the manufacturersmanufacturer’s recommended use positions, that are
intended to move or slide and can be removed without the aid of tools shall be removed before testing.
7.2.2.2 The crib legs or base shall be restrained by an appropriate method to prohibit movement of the crib and shall not impede
the application of the load or deflection of the side being tested for all phases of this test procedure.
7.2.2.3 By any appropriate means, mark and note the position and condition of all key structural elements to support evaluation
of 6.2.1.
7.2.2.4 Using a rigid frame structure and an appropriately designed apparatus, apply a cyclical vertical load of 27 6 2 lbf (120
6 9 N) to the geometric center of the top of each side/end assembly at a point centered no more than 1 inin. from the top of the
rail on the assembly being tested. The force shall be applied to the crib through a rigid 2-in. (51-mm) wide clamping device in
both the upward and downward directions, a cycle being defined as the application of the 27 lbf force in each direction. The
frequency shall be no less than 155 6 5 cycles per minute. The total number of cycles shall be 9000.
NOTE 2—An appropriately designed apparatus for applying the 27 lbf to the crib assembly must be designed to maintain the 27 lbf for the duration
of the cycle testing. The resistance of the crib assembly may change with repeated cycling requiring a different deflection distance to achieve the constant
application of 27 lbf.
7.2.2.5 Repeat the steps in 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4 for all remaining assemblies of the crib without retightening any of the fasteners.
7.2.2.6 Inspect the crib and the fasteners to ensure compliance with 6.2.
7.3 Crib Side Latch Test:
7.3.1 General—This test assists in evaluating the integrity of the crib side latching system under abusive load conditions. The
test applies a force to a movable/folding crib side in a direction tending to cause latch failure while a horizontal force is applied
parallel to the major axis of the crib.
7.3.2 Apparatus for Crib Side Latch Test:
7.3.2.1 Hardwood block with a contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm) for distribution of applied loads.
7.3.3 Procedure for Crib Side Latch Test:
7.3.3.1 Casters shall not be installed on crib. Secure the bottom of the crib in a manner that will prevent horizontal motion.
7.3.4 Moveable Side Latch Test:
7.3.4.1 Gradually apply within 5 s a vertically downward force of 60 lbf (270 N) through a hardwood block with a 2 by 2 in.
(50 by 50 mm) contact area to the upper horizontal rail of the crib side at a point that is 6 in. (150 mm) from one end of the rail.
While the 60-lbf (270-N) downward force is applied to the crib side, gradually apply within 5 s a 30-lbf (133-N) horizontal force
in a direction parallel to the moveable side. The point of application of this force shall be in the plane of the moveable side and
1 in. (25 mm) down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for construction not incorporating crib corner posts (see
Fig. 9). Maintain this horizontal force for 30 s then reverse its direction and maintain it for an additional 30 s.
7.3.4.2 Repeat this procedure at the other end of the crib moveable side and, if the crib has more than one moveable side,
perform the test at each end of each moveable side.
7.3.4.3 Upon completion of the test, release the moveable side latch and lower the crib side. Then raise the side and observe
whether the latch automatically engages in the manner intended by the manufacturer.
7.3.5 Folding Side Latch Test:
7.3.5.1 Place the folding side in the latched position. Through a hardwood block with contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm),
gradually apply within 5 s a force of 30 lbf (133-N) horizontally outward, perpendicular to, and at a point that is 6 in. (150 mm)
from one end of the folding side upper rail. While this 30-lbf (133-N) force is applied to the crib side, gradually apply within 5
s a 30-lbf (133-N) horizontal force in a direction parallel to the folding side. The point of application of this force shall be in the
plane of the folding side and 1 in. (25 mm) down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for construction not
incorporating crib corner posts—see Fig. 9). Maintain this horizontal force for 30 s then reverse its direction and maintain it for
an additional 30 s.
7.3.5.2 Place the folding side in the latched position. Through a hardwood block with contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm),
gradually apply within 5 s a force of 30 lbf (133-N) horizontally inward, perpendicular to, and at a point that is 6 in. (150 mm)
from one end of the folding side upper rail. While this 30-lbf (133-N) force is applied to the crib side, gradually apply within 5
s a 30-lbf (133-N) horizontal force in a direction parallel to the folding side. The point of application of this force shall be in the
plane of the folding side and 1 in. (25 mm) down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for construction not
incorporating crib corner posts—see Fig. 9). Maintain this horizontal force for 30 s then reverse its direction and maintain it for
an additional 30 s.
7.3.5.3 Repeat the procedures defined in 7.3.5.1 and 7.3.5.2 at the other end of the folding side. If the crib has more than one
folding side, perform this test at each end of each folding side.
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FIG. 9 Crib Side Latch Test
7.3.5.4 Upon completion of the test, release the folding side latches and lower the crib side. Then raise the side and observe
whether the latches automatically engage in the manner intended by the manufacturer.
7.4 Mattress Support System Vertical Impact Test:
7.4.1 General—This test consists of dropping a specified weight repeatedly onto a polyurethane foam pad covered in vinyl
supported by the crib mattress support system. The test assists in evaluating the structural integrity of the crib assembly.
7.4.2 Apparatus:
7.4.2.1 A guided free-fall impacting system machine (which keeps the upper surface of the impact mass parallel to the horizontal
surface on which the crib is secured) (see Fig. 10).
7.4.2.2 A 45-lb (20-kg) impact mass (see Fig. 11 and Fig. 12).
7.4.2.3 A 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge.
FIG. 10 Typical Test Frame
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FIG. 11 Profile of Impact Mass
7.4.2.4 A 2-in. (50-mm) square gauge/spacer block.
7.4.2.5 A test mattress with a 3-in. (7.6-cm) thick sheet of polyurethane foam having a density of 1.9 6 0.4 lb/ft (30 6 6 kg/m ),
a 25 % indentation force deflection (IFD) of 32.4 6 6.7 lb (144 6 30 N) and dimensions that shall not be more than 1 in. (25 mm)
shorter and 1 in. (25 mm) narrower than the respective interior dimensions of the product, covered with a tight-fitting 8- to
12-gauge vinyl material (tick). The suitability of the test mattress dimensions are to be determined by placing the mattress on the
mattress support and pushing it fully over to one side. Measure the gap formed between the mattress and the crib side/end
assemblies, which should not be greater than 1 in. (25 mm) in both the length and width.
7.4.3 Procedure:
7.4.3.1 Adjust the mattress support to its lowest position.
7.4.3.2 Put the test mattress in place. Do NOT use the mattress supplied with the crib. The same test mattress may be used for
testing more than one crib if it meets the requirements of 7.4.2.5.
7.4.3.3 Secure the product to the horizontal test plane, remove the castors if supplied. Once the test has begun, no attempt shall
be made at retightening fasteners which may have loosened because of vibration. The test shall proceed without any corrective
intervention of adjusting the height difference between the drop weight and mattress, until its completion, unless extensive damage,
dislodging or deformation occurs during the course of the test, in which case the test shall be terminated.
7.4.3.4 Position the geometric center of the test mattress below the geometric center of the impact mass.
7.4.3.5 Adjust the distance between the top surface of the mattress and bottom surface of the impact mass to 6 in. (150 mm)
(using the 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge, per 7.4.2.3) when the impact mass is in its highest position. Lock the impactor mechanism
at this height and do not adjust the height during impacting to compensate for any change in distance as a result of the mattress
compressing or the mattress support deforming or moving during impacting.
7.4.3.6 Allow the 45-lb (20.0-kg) impact mass to fall freely 150 times at the rate of one impact every 4 s. Load retraction shall
not begin until at least 2 s after the start of the drop.
7.4.3.7 Repeat the step described in 7.4.3.6 at each corner of the mattress support, with the center of the impact mass 6 in. (150
mm) from the two sides forming the corners of the crib. To position the mass for a standard rectangular-shaped crib, place a 2-in.
(50-mm) spacer block against one of the sides of the corner to be tested and move the impact mass until it touches the spacer block
(see Fig. 13). Repeat this process for the other side that makes up the corner to be tested (see Fig. 14).
7.5 Mattress Support System Test:
7.5.1 General—This test assists in evaluating the integrity of the attachment of the mattress support to the crib. A vertically
upward force is applied to the mattress support to evaluate its attachment to the crib.
7.5.2 Apparatus for Mattress Support System Test:
7.5.2.1 Corner Block, see Fig. 15.
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FIG. 12 View of Impact Mass
FIG. 13 Spacer Block
7.5.3 Procedure for Mattress Support System Test:
7.5.3.1 Secure the crib to prevent upward motion during this test.
7.5.3.2 All procedures will be conducted with no mattress in the crib.
7.5.3.3 If the mattress support system utilizes a common support design at all points of attachment, testing is required in only
one corner. If more than one support design is used, each point of attachment utilizing a different design must be tested.
7.5.3.4 Apply the force with the mattress support in each of the adjustment positions.
7.5.3.5 Apply the 25-lbf (111-N) force to the mattress support through a diagonally positioned test member such that the
centerline of this test member contacts the underside of the mattress support at points 6 in. (150 mm) from the corner of the support
(6 in. (150 mm) from the projected corner for a mattress support not having a square corner). (See Fig. 15.)
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FIG. 14 Spacer Block
FIG. 15 Typical Mattress Support Detail
7.5.3.6 Apply the 25-lbf (111-N) force gradually within a period of 5 s and maintain it for an additional 10 s before releasing
the force.
7.6 Crib Side Test:
7.6.1 General—This test consists of repeatedly impacting a crib side/end bottom rail by a specified weight. After completing
the cyclic testing, structural integrity is tested by applying a static pull to the side assembly followed by a torque test of each spindle
or slat.
7.6.2 Apparatus for Crib Side Cyclic Test—The apparatus for the cyclic test (see Fig. 16) includes the following:
7.6.2.1 A 30-lb (13.6-kg) weight.
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FIG. 16 Typical Side Assembly Test Fixture
7.6.2.2 A 0.375-in. (9-mm) thick 30 Type A durometer rubber pad large enough to cover the impact area.
7.6.2.3 Impactor with a width of 1 in. (25 mm) and sufficient length to extend across the full width of the bottom rail.
7.6.3 Apparatus for Crib Side Static Test—A 100-lb (45.4-kg) weight.
7.6.4 Crib Side Cyclic Tests:
7.6.4.1 The crib is to be assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions except that casters shall not be installed
on the crib.
7.6.4.2 Secure the bottom ends of the crib to eliminate horizontal motion at the base.
7.6.4.3 Allow the 30-lb (13.6-kg) weight to free-fall 3 in. (76 mm) 250 times at a rate of 4 6 1 s/cycle such that it impacts
directly upon the 0.375-in. (9-mm) thick rubber pad located on the top surface of the bottom rail between two adjacent spindles
or slats as near the center of the rail as possible.
7.6.5 Crib Side Static Test:
7.6.5.1 Upon completion of the cyclic test, apply
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