ASTM D1044-08e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Transparent plastic materials, when used as windows or enclosures, are subject to wiping and cleaning; hence the maintenance of optical quality of a material after abrasion is important. It is the purpose of this test method to provide a means of estimating the resistance of such materials to this type and degree of abrasion.
Although this test method does not provide fundamental data, it is suitable for grading materials relative to this type of abrasion in a manner which correlates with service.
Comparison of interlaboratory data or the specification of a “haze” value has no significance if the hazemeter requirements given in 5.4 are not used. This is because light diffused from the surface of a Taber track is scattered at a narrow angle (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) while light diffused internally by a specimen is scattered at a wide angle. In many hazemeters, when a diaphragm is inserted to limit the light beam to the width of the abraded track, the specular beam at the exit port becomes smaller. The dark annulus will then be greater than the 0.023 ± 0.002 rad (1.3 ± 0.1°) requirements of Test Method D1003. Since a large percentage of the narrow-angle forward-scattered light will not impinge on the sphere wall, “haze” readings become smaller. For hazemeters that have not been properly adjusted, the magnitude of this reduction is dependent both on the integrating sphere diameter and the reduction of the entrance beam.
For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
For some materials, abrasion tests utilizing the Taber abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abrasive characteristics of the wheel during testing.
Depend...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface abrasion by measuring the change in optical properties.
1.2 Abrasive damage is visually judged and numerically quantified by the difference in haze percentage in accordance with Test Method D1003 between an abraded and unabraded specimen.
1.3 CS-10F wheels manufactured between October 2002 and September 2004 have been found to give different results than historical values. Comparisons of data using these wheels should be made with caution. Results using wheels made after September 2004 have agreed with those obtained before October 2002.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 3537 in the measurement of resistance to abrasion in Section 7, but is not equivalent to ISO 3537 in any other measurement or section. This test method is not equivalent to ISO 9352, and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods.
Note 2—This test method is similar to ANSI/SAE Z26.1, Test 17.
Note 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss determinations of various plastics have been unsuccessful because of excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insufficient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
Note 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings by weight loss, reference is made to Test Method D4060, which uses more aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels. It suffers from poor reproducibility between laboratories when numerical abrasion resistance values are used. Interlaboratory agreement improves significantly when ranking a series of coatings for their abrasion resistance.
1.5 This standard does not purport ...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D1044 − 08
StandardTest Method for
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Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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´ NOTE—Editorially corrected Note 9 in February 2012.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
abrasion by measuring the change in optical properties.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Abrasive damage is visually judged and numerically
quantified by the difference in haze percentage in accordance
2. Referenced Documents
with Test Method D1003 between an abraded and unabraded
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
specimen.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
1.3 CS-10F wheels manufactured between October 2002
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
and September 2004 have been found to give different results
of Transparent Plastics
than historical values. Comparisons of data using these wheels
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
should be made with caution. Results using wheels made after
als
September 2004 have agreed with those obtained before
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
October 2002.
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
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only.
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3537 Road Vehicles—Safety Glazing Materials—
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 3537 in the measure-
Mechanical Tests
ment of resistance to abrasion in Section 7, but is not equivalent to
ISO 3537 in any other measurement or section. This test method is not ISO 9352 Plastics—Determination of Resistance to Wear by
equivalent to ISO 9352, and results cannot be directly compared between
Abrasive Wheels
the two methods.
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2.3 ANSI Standards:
NOTE 2—This test method is similar to ANSI/SAE Z26.1, Test 17.
NOTE 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss ANSI/SAE Z26.1 Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing
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determinations of various plastics have been unsuccessful because of
Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating
excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insuffi-
on Land Highways—Abrasion Resistance, Test 17 (Plas-
cient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use
tics)
of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
NOTE 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings
3. Terminology
byweightloss,referenceismadetoTestMethodD4060,whichusesmore
aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels. It suffers from poor repro-
3.1 Definitions:
ducibility between laboratories when numerical abrasion resistance values
3.1.1 abrasion—abrasive wear caused by displacement or
are used. Interlaboratory agreement improves significantly when ranking
a series of coatings for their abrasion resistance. rearrangement of a softer material due to rubbing or scuffing
against hard sharp particles.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
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and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1044 - 05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1044-08E01. the ASTM website.
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Supporting data are available fromASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-48 Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
and RR:D20-1090. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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D1044 − 08
3.1.2 haze—In accordance with Test Method D10
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