ASTM D1044-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Transparent plastic materials, when used as windows or enclosures, are subject to wiping and cleaning; hence the maintenance of optical quality of a material after abrasion is important. It is the purpose of this test method to provide a means of estimating the resistance of such materials to this type and degree of abrasion.
4.2 Although this test method does not provide fundamental data, it is suitable for grading materials relative to this type of abrasion in a manner which correlates with service.
4.3 Comparison of interlaboratory data or the specification of a “haze” value has no significance if the hazemeter requirements given in 5.4 are not used. This is because light diffused from the surface of a Taber track is scattered at a narrow angle (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) while light diffused internally by a specimen is scattered at a wide angle. In many hazemeters, when a diaphragm is inserted to limit the light beam to the width of the abraded track, the specular beam at the exit port becomes smaller. The dark annulus will then be greater than the 0.023 ± 0.002 rad (1.3 ± 0.1°) requirements of Test Method D1003. Since a large percentage of the narrow-angle forward-scattered light will not impinge on the sphere wall, “haze” readings become smaller. For hazemeters that have not been properly adjusted, the magnitude of this reduction is dependent both on the integrating sphere diameter and the reduction of the entrance beam.
4.4 For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
4.5 For some materials, abrasion tests utilizing the Taber abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abrasive characteristics of the wheel d...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface abrasion by measuring the change in optical properties.
1.2 Abrasive damage is visually judged and numerically quantified by calculating the difference in haze percentage in accordance with Test Method D1003 between an abraded and unabraded specimen.
1.3 CS-10F wheels manufactured between October 2002 and September 2004 have been found to give different results than historical values. Comparisons of data using these wheels should be made with caution. Results using wheels made after September 2004 have agreed with those obtained before October 2002.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.Note 1—This test method is equivalent in the measurement of resistance to abrasion of ISO 3537, Section 7 and ISO 15082, Section 11, but is not equivalent in any other measurement or section. This test method is not equivalent to ISO 9352, and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods.Note 2—This test method is similar to ANSI/SAE Z26.1, Test 17.Note 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss determinations of various plastics2 have been unsuccessful because of excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insufficient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.Note 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings by weight loss, reference is made to Test Method D4060, which uses more aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability o...
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Designation: D1044 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating 2.1 ASTM Standards:
the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
abrasion by measuring the change in optical properties. of Transparent Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
1.2 Abrasive damage is visually judged and numerically
als
quantified by calculating the difference in haze percentage in
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
accordance with Test Method D1003 between an abraded and
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
unabraded specimen.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 CS-10F wheels manufactured between October 2002
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
and September 2004 have been found to give different results
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
than historical values. Comparisons of data using these wheels
Platform Abraser
should be made with caution. Results using wheels made after 4
2.2 ISO Standards:
September 2004 have agreed with those obtained before
ISO 3537 Road Vehicles—Safety Glazing Materials—
October 2002.
Mechanical Tests
ISO 9352 Plastics—Determination of Resistance to Wear by
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information Abrasive Wheels
ISO 15082 Road Vehicles—Tests for Rigid Plastic Safety
only.
Glazing Materials
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent in the measurement of
4
2.3 ANSI Standards:
resistance to abrasion of ISO 3537, Section 7 and ISO 15082, Section 11,
ANSI/SAE Z26.1 Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing
but is not equivalent in any other measurement or section. This test
method is not equivalent to ISO 9352, and results cannot be directly
Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating
compared between the two methods.
on Land Highways—Abrasion Resistance, Test 17 (Plas-
NOTE 2—This test method is similar to ANSI/SAE Z26.1, Test 17.
tics)
NOTE 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss
2
determinations of various plastics have been unsuccessful because of
3. Terminology
excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insuffi-
cient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use
3.1 Definitions:
of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
3.1.1 abrasion—abrasive wear caused by displacement or
NOTE 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings
rearrangement of a softer material due to rubbing or scuffing
byweightloss,referenceismadetoTestMethodD4060,whichusesmore
against hard sharp particles.
aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels.
3.1.2 haze—In accordance with Test Method D1003, that
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the percentage of transmitted light which in passing through the
specimen deviates from the incident beam by forward scatter-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- ing. For the purpose of this test method, only light flux
deviating more than 0.044 rad (2.5°) on the average is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
considered to be haze.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
3
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ϵ1
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1044 - 08 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1044-13. the ASTM website.
2 4
Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-48 Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
and RR:D20-1090. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1044 − 08 D1044 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected Note 9 in February 2012.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface abrasion
by measuring the change in optical properties.
1.2 Abrasive damage is visually judged and numerically quantified by calculating the difference in haze percentage in
accordance with Test Method D1003 between an abraded and unabraded specimen.
1.3 CS-10F wheels manufactured between October 2002 and September 2004 have been found to give different results than
historical values. Comparisons of data using these wheels should be made with caution. Results using wheels made after September
2004 have agreed with those obtained before October 2002.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 3537 in the measurement of resistance to abrasion inof ISO 3537, Section 7, 7 and ISO 15082, Section
11, but is not equivalent to ISO 3537 in any other measurement or section. This test method is not equivalent to ISO 9352ISO 9352,, and results cannot
be directly compared between the two methods.
NOTE 2—This test method is similar to ANSI/SAE Z26.1ANSI/SAE Z26.1, , Test 17.
2
NOTE 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss determinations of various plastics have been unsuccessful because of excessively
large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insufficient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use of volume loss
procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
NOTE 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings by weight loss, reference is made to Test Method D4060, which uses more
aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels. It suffers from poor reproducibility between laboratories when numerical abrasion resistance values are used.
Interlaboratory agreement improves significantly when ranking a series of coatings for their abrasion resistance.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3537 Road Vehicles—Safety Glazing Materials—Mechanical Tests
ISO 9352 Plastics—Determination of Resistance to Wear by Abrasive Wheels
ISO 15082 Road Vehicles—Tests for Rigid Plastic Safety Glazing Materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008Sept. 1, 2013. Published March 2008September 2013. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20052008
ϵ1
as D1044 - 05.D1044 - 08 . DOI: 10.1520/D1044-08E01.10.1520/D1044-13.
2
Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-48 and RR:D20-1090.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM Int
...
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