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ASTM D76-99(2005)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles

Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles

ABSTRACT
This specification covers operating characteristics of tensile testing machines for the determination of the force-elongation properties of textile materials. Types of tensile machine covered in this specification are constant-rate-of-extension, constant-rate-of-traverse, and constant-rate-of-loading. Testing machines calibration shall be verified using the methods indicated in this specification, especially when moved to different locations to make sure that they still meet the specified tolerances. Motor-driven machine is preferred over manually driven machine. Constant-rate-of-traverse type machines shall not be used for measuring forces below fifty times their resolution. Machines shall be equipped with a device for measuring force. Clamping or holding devices shall be prescribed in test methods. Maximum allowable error, indicated force, recorded elongation, nominal gage length, and moving clamp speed shall be within the tolerances prescribed in the individual standards. Verification methods for recorded clamp displacement, recorded elongation, and nominal gage length, shall conform to the procedures indicated in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the operating characteristics of three types of tensile testing machines used for the determination of the force-elongation properties of textile materials. These types of tensile testing machines are:
1.1.1 Constant-rate-of-extension, CRE.
1.1.2 Constant-rate-of-traverse, CRT.
1.1.3 Constant-rate-of-loading (force), CRL.
1.2 Specifications for tensile testing machines to measure other tensile-related properties of textile materials not covered by this standard are given in the ASTM standards using those machines.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in inch-pound units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2005
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D76-99 - Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D76/D76M-11 - Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6213-17 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geogrids to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2653-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5587-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3885-07A(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6588/D6588M-11(2016) - Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7269/D7269M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1335-21 - Standard Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3383-19a - Standard Test Method for Filament Bind of Single Fibers in Synthetic Turf
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7744/D7744M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Films
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5035-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2612-99(2018) - Standard Test Method for Fiber Cohesion in Sliver and Top (Static Tests)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2724-19 - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005

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ASTM D76-99(2005) - Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesASTM D76-99(2005) - Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
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ASTM D76-99(2005) - Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D76 – 99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
1
Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD76;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 bench marks, n—marks placed on a specimen to
definegagelength,thatis,theportionofthespecimenthatwill
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverstheoperatingcharacteristicsof
be evaluated in a specific test.
three types of tensile testing machines used for the determina-
3.1.2 calibrate, v—to determine and record the relationship
tion of the force-elongation properties of textile materials.
betweenasetofstandardunitsofmeasureandtheoutputofan
These types of tensile testing machines are:
instrument or test procedure.
1.1.1 Constant-rate-of-extension, CRE.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This term is also commonly used to
1.1.2 Constant-rate-of-traverse, CRT.
describe the checking of previously marked instruments, an
1.1.3 Constant-rate-of-loading (force), CRL.
operation more properly described as a description of verifi-
1.2 Specifications for tensile testing machines to measure
cation.
other tensile-related properties of textile materials not covered
3.1.3 capacity, n—for tensile testing machines, the maxi-
by this standard are given in the ASTM standards using those
mum force for which the machine is designed.
machines.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Capacity is the maximum force the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tester-frameandthedrivesystemcanexerciseonthespecimen
standard; the values in inch-pound units are provided as
without inadmissible deformations of the tester-frame, etc.
information only and are not exact equivalents.
Within its capacity, there are available load-cells with different
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
full-scale-ranges which may be chosen to select an appropriate
testmethodsdescribedinthisspecification: This standard does
full-scale-range for a special test.
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
3.1.4 clamp, n—that part of a testing machine used to grip
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
the specimen by means of suitable jaws.
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
3.1.5 constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
machine(CRE),n—intensiletesting,anapparatusinwhichthe
to use.
pulling clamp moves at a uniform rate, and the force-
2. Referenced Documents measuring mechanism moves a negligible distance with in-
2
creasing force, less than 0.13 mm (0.005 in.).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 constant-rate-of-load tensile testing machine (CRL),
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
n—in tensile testing,anapparatusinwhichtherateofincrease
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the
of the force is uniform with time after the first 3 s and the
Single-Strand Method
specimen is free to elongate, this elongation being dependent
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
on the extension characteristics of the specimen at any applied
E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instru-
force.
ments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Ma-
3.1.7 constant-rate-of-traverse tensile testing machine
chines
(CRT), n—in tensile testing, an apparatus in which the pulling
3. Terminology
clampmovesatauniformrateandtheforceisappliedthrough
the other clamp, which moves appreciably to actuate a force-
3.1 Definitions:
measuring mechanism, producing a rate of increase of force or
extension that is usually not constant and is dependent on the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
extension characteristics of the specimen.
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test
3.1.8 effective carriage mass, n— in CRL-type tensile test-
Methods, General.
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally ing machine, the force actually applied to a specimen by the
approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D76–99. DOI:
mass of the carriage, plus any added weight.
10.1520/D0076-99R05.
3.1.9 effective gage length, n— in tensile testing, the esti-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
matedlengthofthespecimensubjectedtoastrainequaltothat
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
observed for the true gage length.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
...

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    5 pages
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