ASTM D5496-98
(Practice)Standard Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
Standard Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes an approach and methodology for immersion testing of geosynthetics (for example, geomembranes used for landfill liner).
1.2 This practice does not provide for definition of the testing to be performed on the geosynthetic samples for field immersion. This practice does not address the determination of compatibility between the geosynthetic and the liquid in which it is immersed. The user of this practice is referred to the appropriate Standard Guide for Tests to evaluate the chemical resistance and for defining the testing to be performed for each of the geosynthetic components listed in 2.1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5496 – 98
Standard Practice for
In Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice describes an approach and methodology 4.1 This practice provides an approach and methodology for
for immersion testing of geosynthetics (for example, geomem- conducting field immersion testing of geosynthetics used in the
branes used for landfill liner). construction of liners in reservoirs, ponds, impoundments, or
1.2 This practice does not provide for definition of the landfills for containing liquids and solids. This practice should
testing to be performed on the geosynthetic samples for field be performed in accordance to and in conjunction with D 5322
immersion. This practice does not address the determination of for assessing chemical resistance under both laboratory and
resistance of the geosynthetic to the liquid in which it is field conditions.
immersed. The user of this practice is referred to the appropri- 4.2 The specification of procedures in this practice is
ate Standard Guide for Tests to evaluate the chemical resis- intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or
tance and for defining the testing to be performed for each of investigate the chemical resistance of geosynthetics under
the geosynthetic components listed in 2.1. actual field conditions.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Sample Container, for containment of the geosynthetic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- test specimens. The containers should be perforated on all sides
and at the bottom to allow for complete flooding of the test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimens. Stainless steel, or other chemically resistant steel
2. Referenced Documents
alloys, is recommended. Do not use 316 stainless steel for
2.1 ASTM Standards: fluids known to contain high-chloride ion concentrations.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
NOTE 1—A chemical analysis of the fluid should be available to the
D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles
user prior to the start of field compatibility testing to allow for a review of
D 5322 Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluating
a suitable material of construction for the sample container. If in doubt,
the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
tests can be conducted by placing samples of the sample container
material of construction in the fluid for a suitable period of time to
3. Terminology
determine compatibility of the sample container with the fluid. If in doubt,
and testing cannot be performed prior to start of field compatibility testing,
3.1 Definitions:
then an alloy such as Carpenter 20 or tantalum-coated carbon steel should
3.1.1 field testing, n—testing performed in the field under
be considered for any field samples that will be exposed to aggressive
actual conditions of temperature and exposure to the fluids for
fluids for more than one year.
which the immersion testing is being performed.
5.1.1 The size of the sample container is not specified since
3.1.2 For definitions relating to geosynthetics, refer to
it will be dependent on the number of geosynthetic specimens
Terminology D 4439.
requiring testing and the size of the sump, tank, or other device
3.1.3 For definitions relating to textiles, refer to Terminol-
used for conducting the field testing.
ogy D 123.
5.1.2 Sample Container Lid, to allow easy access for plac-
ing and removing geosynthetic specimens from the container.
The lid should be constructed from the same material as the
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on Geosyn-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
sample container and perforated to allow for contact between
Properties.
fluid and the geosynthetic samples within the container. In
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published August 1998. Originally
addition, the lid should be secured to the container using
published as D 5496 – 93. Last previous edition D 5496 – 93.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. threaded rods made from the same material as the container.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5496 – 98
where the number and size of sample containers must be limited due to
Do not use dissimilar metals when fabricating parts of the
physical constraints of the sump or tank in which the containers are to be
sample containers as this may result in severe corrosion of the
installed, or due to regulatory limitations on maximum head (or other
completed assembly.
similar stipulation) then place the geosynthetic samples in the most
5.1.3 Sample Container Cables, to place the sample con-
efficient manner possible. This can be accomplished by reducing the total
tainers within sumps or tanks. It is recommended that two
number and size of the sample containers. For these situations it is
cables be attached to each container, one made from the same
allowable to place dissimilar resins within the same container and
material as the sample container, and the other, as a backup, eliminate, if necessary, the spacers between geosynthetic sheets and
between sheets and side walls.
made from ⁄4-in. polypropylene rope.
8.3 Assembling the Containers—Assemble the sample con-
6. Hazards
tainers, lids, and cabling in a manner that will minimize
6.1 Warning—The fluids used in this practice may contain movement of the specimens within the final containers and
hazardous or toxic chemicals. Take appropriate precautions
maintain the structural integrity of the sample container
when handling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the fluid. All throughout the testing interval(s). Use sufficiently long
personnel handling or exposed to the fluids used for the threaded rods for joining all sample containers that will have to
immersion testing should wear equipment suitable for protec-
be removed at the same testing interval. This will minimize the
tion from the chemicals present in the fluid. Take care to number of cables required for securing the sample containers
prevent spilling any hazardous materials or fluids, and clean up
and make the job of removing and shipping the exposed
any accidental spills that may occur away from the collection containers easier. Since it is very likely that assembled systems
sump or tank used for conducting the fluid exposure.
will have to be turned on their sides or rotated during
placement, fasten all spacers used in the sample containers to
NOTE 2—The user should refer to local, state, or federal laws and
either the side walls or to adjoining geosynthetic sheets.
practices regarding the conduct of this type of testing at hazardous waste
8.3.1 If more than one container is being installed, it is
sites or other similar facilities.
extremely important to mark or label the cables, or both for
7. Sampling
each assembly so that removal of the assemblies can be
minimized.
7.1 In the absence of site specific sampling agreed upon by
the user and between the testing agency, take samples of the 8.3.2 Construct final assemblies to minimize sharp corners
and any other protrusions from the face of
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