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ASTM C24-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials

Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of fire clay, fireclay brick, high alumina brick, and silica fire clay refractory mortar by comparison of test cones with standard pyrometric cones under the conditions prescribed in this test method.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2001
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.02 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C24-89(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Replaced By
ASTM C24-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM C199-22 - Standard Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1097-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1283-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Installing Clay Flue Lining
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM C71-12(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM C210-95(2019) - Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1261-22 - Standard Specification for Firebox Brick for Residential Fireplaces
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM C673-97(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories and Ramming Mixes
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Referred By
ASTM C27-98(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001

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ASTM C24-01 - Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory MaterialsASTM C24-01 - Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
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ASTM C24-01 - Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 24–01
Standard Test Method for
Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High
1
Alumina Refractory Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC24;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 Temperature equivalent tables for the standard cones
have been determined by the National Institute of Standards
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Pyro-
andTechnology when subjected to both slow and rapid heating
metric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of fire clay, fireclay brick, high
rates.
alumina brick, and silica fire clay refractory mortar by com-
parison of test cones with standard pyrometric cones under the
5. Significance and Use
conditions prescribed in this test method.
5.1 The deformation and end point of a cone corresponds to
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
a certain heat-work condition due to the effects of time,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-
temperature, and atmosphere.
tion only.
5.2 The precision of this test method is subject to many
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
variables that are difficult to control.Therefore, an experienced
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
operatormaybenecessarywherePCEvaluesarebeingutilized
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for specification purposes.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 PCE values are used to classify fireclay and high
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
alumina refractories.
2. Referenced Documents 5.4 This is an effective method of identifying fireclay
variations, mining control, and developing raw material speci-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
fications.
C 71 Terminology Relating to Refractories
5.5 Although not recommended, this test method is some-
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
3 times applied to materials other than fireclay and high alumina.
poses
Such practice should be limited to in-house laboratories and
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com-
4 never be used for specification purposes.
parison Techniques
6. Procedure
3. Terminology
6.1 Preparation of Sample:
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
6.1.1 Clay or Brick—Crush the entire sample of fire clay or
method, see Terminology C 71.
fireclay brick, in case the amount is small, by means of rolls or
1
4. Summary of Test Method
a jaw crusher to produce a particle size not larger than ⁄4 in. (6
mm). If the amount is large, treat a representative sample
4.1 This test method consists of preparing a test cone from
obtained by approved methods. Then mix the sample thor-
a refractory material and comparing its deformation end point
oughly and reduce the amount to about 250 g (0.5 lb) by
to that of a standard pyrometric cone. The resultant PCE value
quartering (see Note 1). Then grind this portion in an agate,
is a measure of the refractoriness of the material.
porcelain, or hard steel mortar and reduce the amount again by
quartering. The final size of the sample shall be 50 g and the
5
1
fineness capable of passing an ASTM No. 70 (212-µm) sieve
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
(equivalent to a 65-mesh Tyler Standard Series). In order to
Properties.
avoid excessive reduction to fines, remove them frequently
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2001. PublishedApril 2001. Originally issued
e1
during the process of reduction by throwing the sample on the
as C 24 – 19 T. Last previous edition C 24 – 89 (1999) .
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. Detailed requirements for this sieve are given in Specification E 11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C24–01
sieve and continuing the grinding of the coarser particles until
all the sample passes through the sieve (see Note 2). Take
precautions to prevent contamination of the sample by steel
particles from the sampling equipment during crushing or
grinding.
NOTE 1—Take care during the crushing and grinding of the sample to
prevent the introduction of magnetic material.
NOTE 2—The requirement to grind the coarser particles is particularly
important for highly siliceous products;
...

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