ASTM D2651-01

Standard Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures that have proved satisfactory for preparing various wrought metal surfaces for adhesive bonding. It does not address the preparation of cast metals.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 Surface preparation methods are included for:MetalSectionAluminum Alloys7Stainless Steel8Carbon Steel9Titanium Alloys10Magnesium Alloys11Copper and Copper Alloys12
1.4 Procedures included herein are based on the commercial practice of numerous agencies and organizations. The methods may be revised or supplemented, as necessary, to include methods based on proven performance.
1.5 The surface preparation of metal systems used for qualification and quality control testing of the adhesive should be agreed upon by both manufacturer and user.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2001
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.80 - Metal Bonding Adhesives

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2651-90(1995) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D2651-01(2008) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4541-22 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3165-07(2023) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated Assemblies
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2094-00(2023) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Bar and Rod Specimens for Adhesion Tests
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5656-10(2017) - Standard Test Method for Thick-Adherend Metal Lap-Shear Joints for Determination of the Stress-Strain Behavior of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5528/D5528M-21 - Standard Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5649-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Torque Strength of Adhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D1995-92(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing of Autohesives (Contact Adhesives)
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6671/D6671M-22 - Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2918-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Durability Assessment of Adhesive Joints Stressed in Peel
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6195-22 - Standard Test Methods for Loop Tack
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6411/D6411M-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Silicone Rubber Room Temperature Vulcanizing Low Outgassing Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6105-04(2019) - Standard Practice for Application of Electrical Discharge Surface Treatment (Activation) of Plastics for Adhesive Bonding
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2651–01
Standard Guide for
1
Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
It is impossible and impractical to present a single surface-preparation method for a metal group,
such as aluminum alloys, stainless steels, magnesium alloys, etc.The wide variety of individual alloys
and heat treatments under each group, the fact that certain adhesives exhibit specific compatibilities
with surface preparation and the complexity and nature of parts being bonded preclude the use of an
all-inclusive procedure for a metal group. Procedures for aluminum alloys are well standardized,
possiblybecausemorebondinghasbeendonewiththesealloys.Preliminarytestsshouldbeconducted
with the specific adhesive and the exact lot of metals to determine performance.This is especially true
for stainless steel. The adhesive manufacturers’ recommendation should also be considered.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide covers procedures that have proved satisfac-
tory for preparing various wrought metal surfaces for adhesive
2. Referenced Documents
bonding. It does not address the preparation of cast metals.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3
D 907 Terminology Relating to Adhesives
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-
only.
4
sistivity of Water
1.3 Surface preparation methods are included for:
D 2674 Methods of Analysis of Sulfochromate Etch Solu-
Metal Section
3
tion Used in Surface Preparation of Aluminum
Aluminum Alloys 7
Stainless Steel 8
D 3933 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces for
Carbon Steel 9
Structural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodiz-
Titanium Alloys 10
3
ing)
Magnesium Alloys 11
5
Copper and Copper Alloys 12
2.2 ASM International Document:
Metals Handbook Volume V
1.4 Procedures included herein are based on the commercial
6
2.3 Military Specifications:
practice of numerous agencies and organizations. The methods
MIL-A-8625 Type II, Anodic Coatings for Aluminum and
may be revised or supplemented, as necessary, to include
Aluminum Alloys
methods based on proven performance.
MIL-M-3171 MagnesiumAlloy, Processes for Pretreatment
1.5 The surface preparation of metal systems used for
and Prevention of Corrosion
qualification and quality control testing of the adhesive should
MIL-M-45202 Magnesium Alloy, Anodic Treatment of
be agreed upon by both manufacturer and user.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
A surfactant that has been found suitable for this purpose consists of a 50 %
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mixtureofacationicandafluochemicalsurfactantsuchasZonylFSCmanufactured
by E.I. DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19898.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
1 4
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD14onAdhesivesand Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
5
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal Bonding Adhesives. Available from ASM International, Metals Park, OH 44073.
6
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
published as D 2651 – 67. Last previous edition D 2651 – 90 (1995). 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2651
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2.4 SAE Standards: mium (CrO ), iron, chlorides, aluminum, etc. A pH reading or
3
Aerospace Material Specification 2470—Anodic Treatment acid content of trichloroethane vapor degreasing solution, or
of Aluminum Base Alloy, Chromic Acid Treatment both, should be obtained. Standards should be established and
records kept for such tests on each lot or vat of solution.
3. Terminology
Recordsshouldindicatethecontinuousconditionsofsolutions,
3.1 Definitions—Manyofthetermsinthisguidearedefined
such as amount of constituents added to bring solutions within
in Terminology D 907. limits, amount of contaminants present and date prepared (see
Methods D 2674).
4. Apparatus
5.4 Room Conditions for surface preparation as well as
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