ASTM B821-10
(Guide)Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The method of powder dispersion in a liquid has a significant effect on the results of a particle size distribution analysis. The analysis will show a too-coarse, unstable, or nonrepeatable distribution if the powder has not been dispersed adequately. It is therefore important that parties wishing to compare their analyses use the same dispersion technique.
This guide provides established powder dispersion techniques for certain materials and the means of deriving techniques for materials not listed. It should be used by all parties performing liquid-dispersed particle size analysis of all of the materials covered by this guide (see 1.1, 1.2, and 4.1).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle size analysis instruments. This guide describes a general procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also lists procedures that are currently in general use for certain materials.
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal compounds. However, the general procedure described herein may be used, with caution as to its significance, for other particulate materials, such as ceramics, pigments, minerals, etc.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B821 − 10
StandardGuide for
Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related
1
Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of Gravity Sedimentation
B822 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal
Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle
size analysis instruments. This guide describes a general
3. Terminology
procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
lists procedures that are currently in general use for certain
can be found in Terminology B243.
materials.
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal
4. Significance and Use
compounds. However, the general procedure described herein
4.1 The method of powder dispersion in a liquid has a
may be used, with caution as to its significance, for other
significant effect on the results of a particle size distribution
particulatematerials,suchasceramics,pigments,minerals,etc.
analysis. The analysis will show a too-coarse, unstable, or
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
nonrepeatabledistributionifthepowderhasnotbeendispersed
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
adequately. It is therefore important that parties wishing to
information only.
compare their analyses use the same dispersion technique.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 This guide provides established powder dispersion tech-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
niques for certain materials and the means of deriving tech-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
niques for materials not listed. It should be used by all parties
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
performing liquid-dispersed particle size analysis of all of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
materials covered by this guide (see 1.1, 1.2, and 4.1).
4.3 This guide should be used in the preparation of powders
2. Referenced Documents
for use in Test Methods B430, B761, and B822 and other
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures that analyze metal powder particle size distribu-
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
tions in liquid-dispersed systems.
B430 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Refrac-
tory Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Turbidi-
5. Apparatus
metry
5.1 Microscope, suitable for observation of particles in the
B761 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal
size range of 5 to 1000 µm.
Powders and Related Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring
1
5.2 Ultrasonic Probe, ⁄2 -in. (25.4-mm) tip, with the power
level to be determined by this guide.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
5.3 Ultrasonic Bath—Power level to be determined by this
tee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
guide.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved 2007 as B821 – 02(2007). DOI:
6. Reagents
10.1520/B0821-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals should be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. all reagents should conform to the specifications of the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B821 − 10
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
1
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
B821 − 10
TABLE 1 Recommended Dispersion Procedures
Ultrasonic
Treatment
Carrier Surfactant
Material Surfactant
Liquid Concentration
Power
Type Time, min
Level, W
Chromium carbide water none . none . .
A
or
bath
25 5
B C
Copper water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B
Ferroalloys isopropyl alcohol Tween 21 10 % bath 80 1
B C
Iron/steel water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B C
Manganese sulfide water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
Molybdenum water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B821–02 (Reapproved 2007) Designation:B821–10
Standard Guide for
Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related
1
Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle size
analysis instruments. This guide describes a general procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also lists procedures
that are currently in general use for certain materials.
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal compounds. However, the general procedure described herein may
be used, with caution as to its significance, for other particulate materials, such as ceramics, pigments, minerals, etc.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B430 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Refractory Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Turbidimetry
B761 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring of Gravity
Sedimentation
B822 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The method of powder dispersion in a liquid has a significant effect on the results of a particle size distribution analysis.
The analysis will show a too-coarse, unstable, or nonrepeatable distribution if the powder has not been dispersed adequately. It is
therefore important that parties wishing to compare their analyses use the same dispersion technique.
4.2 This guide provides established powder dispersion techniques for certain materials and the means of deriving techniques for
materialsnotlisted.Itshouldbeusedbyallpartiesperformingliquid-dispersedparticlesizeanalysisofallofthematerialscovered
by this guide (see 1.1, 1.2, and 4.1).
4.3 This guide should be used in the preparation of powders for use in Test Methods B430, B761, and B822 and other
procedures that analyze metal powder particle size distributions in liquid-dispersed systems.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Microscope, suitable for observation of particles in the size range of 5 to 1000 µm.
1
5.2 Ultrasonic Probe, ⁄2 -in. (25.4-mm) tip, with the power level to be determined by this guide.
5.3 Ultrasonic Bath—Power level to be determined by this guide.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved 2002 as B821–02. DOI: 10.1520/B0821-
02R07.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved 2007 as B821 – 02(2007). DOI:
10.1520/B0821-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B821–10
TABLE 1 Recommended Dispersion Procedures
Ultrasonic
Treatment
Carrier Surfactant
Material Surfactant
Liquid Concentration
Power
Type Time, min
Level, W
Chromium carbide water none . none . .
A
or
bath 25 5
B C
Copper water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B
Ferroalloys isopropyl alcohol Tween 21 10 % bath 80 1
B C
Iron/steel water Tween 21
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.