ASTM B821-02(2007)

Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle size analysis instruments. This guide describes a general procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also lists procedures that are currently in general use for certain materials.
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal compounds. However, the general procedure described herein may be used, with caution as to its significance, for other particulate materials, such as ceramics, pigments, minerals, etc.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2007
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM B821-02 - Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM B821-10 - Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E2651-19 - Standard Guide for Powder Particle Size Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM B761-17(2021) - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring of Gravity Sedimentation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM B859-21 - Standard Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F3560-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Data – Common Exchange Format for Particle Size Analysis by Light Scattering
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E3340-22 - Standard Guide for Development of Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analysis Methods for Powder Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E3338-22 - Standard Guide for Size and Shape of Solid Particles, Liquid Droplets, and Gas Bubbles, Dynamically Conveyed, Using a Dynamic Imaging Analyzer
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM B822-20 - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B821–02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Guide for
Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related
Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal 3.1 Definitions— Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle can be found in Terminology B243.
size analysis instruments. This guide describes a general
4. Significance and Use
procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also
lists procedures that are currently in general use for certain 4.1 The method of powder dispersion in a liquid has a
significant effect on the results of a particle size distribution
materials.
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal analysis. The analysis will show a too-coarse, unstable, or
nonrepeatabledistributionifthepowderhasnotbeendispersed
compounds. However, the general procedure described herein
may be used, with caution as to its significance, for other adequately. It is therefore important that parties wishing to
compare their analyses use the same dispersion technique.
particulatematerials,suchasceramics,pigments,minerals,etc.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.2 This guide provides established powder dispersion tech-
niques for certain materials and the means of deriving tech-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. niques for materials not listed. It should be used by all parties
performing liquid-dispersed particle size analysis of all of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the materials covered by this guide (see 1.1, 1.2, and 4.1).
4.3 This guide should be used in the preparation of powders
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- for use in Test Methods B430, B761, and B822 and other
procedures that analyze metal powder particle size distribu-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tions in liquid-dispersed systems.
2. Referenced Documents
2 5. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Microscope, suitable for observation of particles in the
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B430 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Refrac- size range of 5 to 1000 µm.
5.2 Ultrasonic Probe, ⁄2 -in. (25.4-mm) tip, with the power
tory Metal Powders and Related Compounds byTurbidim-
etry level to be determined by this guide.
5.3 Ultrasonic Bath—Power level to be determined by this
B761 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal
Powders and Related Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring of guide.
Gravity Sedimentation
6. Reagents
B822 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals should be
Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents should conform to the specifications of the
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
Society. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved 2002 as B821 – 02. DOI:
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-
10.1520/B0821-02R07.
nation.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Surfactants—Suggested surfactants are listed in Table 1
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4,5,6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and footnotes 4 through 6.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B821–02 (2007)
TABLE 1 Recommended Dispersion Procedures
Ultrasonic
Treatment
Carrier Surfactant
Material Surfactant
Liquid Concentration
Power
Type Time, min
Level, W
Chromium carbide water none . none . .
A
or
bath 25 5
B C
Copper water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B
Ferroalloys isopropyl alcohol Tween 21 10 % bath 80 1
B C
Iron/steel water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B C
Manganese sulfide water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
Molybdenum water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
A
or
bath 25 5
B C
Nickel water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
Tantalum water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
Tantalum carbide water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
A
or
bath 25 5
Tungsten water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
A
or
bath 25 5
Tungsten carbide water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
A
or
bath 25 5
A
As described in Test Method B430.
B 6
Tween 21, chemically known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, is available from ICI Americas, Inc., Specialty Chemicals Division, Murphy and Concord Pike,
Wilmington, DE 19897.
C
Three to five drops Tween 21 in 30 to 50 mL water.
7. General Dispersion Procedure
7.1 The general procedure for determining and achieving
proper dispersion is outlined in Fig. 1 and described in detail
below:
7.1.1 Place a test portion of the powder to be analyzed in a
beaker containing the carrier liquid, selected according to
7.1.2.
7.1.2 Selection of Carrier Liquid:
NOTE 1—The selected carrier liquid must be compatible with the
components of the instrument used for the particle size analysis.
7.1.2.1 If the powder reacts with, or is soluble in, water and
organic liquids, it must be analyzed in the dry state, and the
remainder of this guide is then not applicable.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pha
...