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ASTM D7740-11(2016)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate elemental analysis of petroleum products and lubricants is necessary for the determination of chemical properties, which are used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.  
5.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for elemental analysis. There are at least twelve Standard Test Methods published by ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants for such analysis. See Table 1.  
5.3 The advantage of using an AAS analysis include good sensitivity for most metals, relative freedom from interferences, and ability to calibrate the instrument based on elemental standards irrespective of their elemental chemical forms. Thus, the technique has been a method of choice in most of the oil industry laboratories. In many laboratories, AAS has been superseded by a superior ICP-AES technique (see Practice D7260).  
5.4 Some of the ASTM AAS Standard Test Methods have also been issued by other standard writing bodies as technically equivalent standards. See Table 2. (A) Excerpted from ASTM MNL44, Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants, 2nd edition, Ed., Nadkarni, R. A. Kishore, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).  
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732; Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2016
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
75.040 - Crude petroleum
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.03 - Elemental Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7740-20 - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Jul-2020

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ASTM D7740-11(2016) - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and LubricantsASTM D7740-11(2016) - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
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ASTM D7740-11(2016) - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
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REDLINE ASTM D7740-11(2016) - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and LubricantsREDLINE ASTM D7740-11(2016) - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
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REDLINE ASTM D7740-11(2016) - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7740 − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum
1
Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
operationalguidanceforelementalmeasurementsusingatomic
Petroleum Products
absorption spectrometry (AAS).
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318,
Analytical Standards
D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184,
D4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium,
D5863,D6732;PracticesD7260andD7455;andTestMethods
Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by
D7622 and D7623.
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D5056 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Atomic Absorption
standard.
D5184 Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- D5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual
Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
2. Referenced Documents
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
2
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Measurement System Performance
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame
D6732 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Jet
Photometric Method)
Fuels by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrom-
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
etry
tion Spectroscopy
D6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products
D3340 Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in Lubricating
3
and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
Greases by Flame Photometer (Withdrawn 2013)
D7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Valida-
D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels
tion of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for ElementalAnalysis of Petro-
D3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic
leum Products and Lubricants
Absorption Spectroscopy
D7455 Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and
Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
D7622 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption
mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Method with Zeeman Background Correction
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7740 – 11. DOI: D7623 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using
10.1520/D7740-11R16.
Combustion-Gold Amalgamation and Cold Vapor Atomic
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Absorption Method
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7740 − 11 (2016)
3. Terminology 3.1.16 monochromator, n—device that isolates a single
atomic resonance line from the line spectrum emitted by the
3.1 Definitions:
hollow cathode lamp, excluding all other wavelengths.
3.1.1 absorbance, n—logarithmtothebase10oftheratioof
3.1.17 nebulizer, n—device that generates an aerosol by
the reciprocal of the transmittance.
flowing a liquid over a surface that contains an orifice from
3.1.2 atomic absorption spectrometry, n—analytical tech-
which gas flows at a high velocity.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7740 − 11 D7740 − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum
1
Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic
absorption spectrometry (AAS).
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732;
Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
3
D3340 Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in Lubricating Greases by Flame Photometer (Withdrawn 2013)
D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
D3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry
D5056 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Atomic Absorption
D5184 Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum and Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6732 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Jet Fuels by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
D7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
(ICP-AES) for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D7455 Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011April 1, 2016. Published August 2011May 2016. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7740 – 11.
DOI: 10.1520/D7740–11.10.1520/D7740-11R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7740 − 11 (2016)
D7622 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method with
Zeeman Background Correction
D7623 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion-Gold Amalgamation and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption
Method
2

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
D7740 − 11 (2016)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 o
...

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5.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for elemental analysis. There are at least twelve Standard Test Methods published by ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants for such analysis. See Table 1.  
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Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample when the sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to those encountered during the production, storage, transport, and placement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable to mixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B472-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Billets and Bars for Reforging

ABSTRACT
This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, and UNS R30556 nickel alloy billets and bars for reforging. The products shall be hot worked from ingots by rolling, forging, extruding, hammering, or pressing. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed by the reference material. The chemical composition of the material shall be determined by chemical analysis in accordance with test method E1473.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N10362, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, UNS N06699, and UNS R305562 billets and bars for reforging.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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