ASTM F1674-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Joint Restraint Products for Use with PVC Pipe
Standard Test Method for Joint Restraint Products for Use with PVC Pipe
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for qualifying the performance of joint restraint products for use on PVC pressure pipe systems by evaluating the effect of the joint restraint product on the performance characteristics of PVC pipe during cyclic pressure tests and static pressure tests. The PVC pipe property values referenced in this test method are for Compounds 12454A and 12454B as described in Specification D1784. That includes, but is not limited to, pipe produced in accordance with the following standards:Specifications D1785 and D2241, AWWA C900, and AWWA C905.
1.2 This test method determines the short-term performance of a joint restraint product on PVC pipe, which involves the testing of restrained joint test sections to the minimum burst pressure requirements of the pipe to determine quick burst performance.
1.3 This test method determines the long-term effect of a joint restraint product on PVC pipe, which involves the testing of restrained joint test sections to the sustained pressure requirements of the pipe for a period of 1000 h.
1.4 This test method addresses restraint products that are rated at the full pressure capacity of the PVC pipe on which they are used. There are joint restraint devices available that are not rated at the full pressure capacity of the pipe. While those products have proven acceptable and useful in the marketplace, this test method does not apply to those products.
1.5 This test method determines the performance of a joint restraint product on PVC pipe subjected to cyclic pressure surges. The performance is compared to the baseline performance of pipe without joint restraint products established by Herbert W. Vinson.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:F 1674–96
Standard Test Method for
Joint Restraint Products for Use with PVC Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1674; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for qualifying
the performance of joint restraint products for use on PVC
2. Referenced Documents
pressure pipe systems by evaluating the effect of the joint
2.1 ASTM Standards:
restraint product on the performance characteristics of PVC
D 1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
pipe during cyclic pressure tests and static pressure tests. The
Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
PVC pipe property values referenced in this test method are for
(CPVC) Compounds
Compounds 12454Aand 12454B as described in Specification
D 1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plas-
D 1784. That includes, but is not limited to, pipe produced in
tic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
accordance with the following standards: Specifications
D 2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
D 1785 and D 2241, AWWA C 900, and AWWA C 905.
Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR-Series)
1.2 This test method determines the short-term performance
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
of a joint restraint product on PVC pipe, which involves the
2.2 AWWA Standards:
testing of restrained joint test sections to the minimum burst
AWWAC 900 Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pres-
pressure requirements of the pipe to determine quick burst
sure Pipe, 4 in. Through 12 in., for Water Distribution
performance.
AWWA C 905 Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Wa-
1.3 This test method determines the long-term effect of a
ter Transmission Pipe, Nominal Diameters 14 in. Through
joint restraint product on PVC pipe, which involves the testing
36 in.
of restrained joint test sections to the sustained pressure
requirements of the pipe for a period of 1000 h.
3. Terminology
1.4 This test method addresses restraint products that are
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
rated at the full pressure capacity of the PVC pipe on which
nology F 412 unless otherwise specified.
theyareused.Therearejointrestraintdevicesavailablethatare
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard: De-
not rated at the full pressure capacity of the pipe. While those
scriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
productshaveprovenacceptableandusefulinthemarketplace,
3.2.1 base hoop stress—the minimum hoop stress during
this test method does not apply to those products.
cyclic testing; the base hoop stress shall be one half the peak
1.5 This test method determines the performance of a joint
hoop stress.
restraint product on PVC pipe subjected to cyclic pressure
3.2.2 base pressure—the internal pressure required to
surges. The performance is compared to the baseline perfor-
achieve the base hoop stress in the pipe wall.
mance of pipe without joint restraint products established by
3.2.3 cycle—an increase in the internal pressure in a cyclic
Herbert W. Vinson.
pressure test specimen from the base pressure to the peak
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
pressure, followed by a decrease in the internal pressure to the
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
base pressure.
purposes only.
3.2.4 failure of the pipe—ballooning, bursting, cracking,
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
splitting, or weeping (seepage of liquid) of the pipe during test.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 failure of the restraint product—structural failure of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the restraint product, leakage at the joint (where the restraint is
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
2 4
Vinson, Herbert W., Response of PVC Pipe to Large, Repetitive Pressure Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Surges, International Conference on Underground Plastic Pipe,American Society of Available from American Water Works Assn., 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver,
Civil Engineers, New York, NY, 1981, p. 491. CO 80235.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1674
TABLE 1 Minimum Burst Pressure Requirements for Some
also part of the sealing process, for example, a mechanical
Common Dimension Ratios, PVC Compounds 12454A or 12454B
joint), premature failure of the pipe that can be directly
attributed to the action of the restraint, or 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) of
A
Dimension Ratio (DR) Pressure, psi (kPa)
movement of the restraint mechanism on the pipe.
13.5 1000 (6895)
3.2.6 minimum burst pressure requirement—the minimum
14 985 (6791)
internal pressure that must be reached, within 60 to 70 s, in a
17 800 (5516)
18 755 (5205)
restrained joint test specimen without failure.
21 630 (4344)
3.2.7 movement of the restraint mechanism—slippage on
25 535 (3689)
the pipe of any part of the restraint mechanism which contacts
26 500 (3447)
32.5 400 (2758)
the pipe with the purpose of resisting thrust forces.
35 380 (2620)
3.2.8 peak hoop stress—the maximum hoop stress during
41 315 (2172)
cyclic testing.
51 260 (1793)
3.2.9 peak pressure—the internal pressure required to A
The pressures listed approximate a hoop stress of 6400 psi (44.13 MPa).
Some minor adjustments have been made to keep the test pressures uniform in
achieve the peak hoop stress in the pipe wall.
order to simplify testing.
3.2.10 restraint device for PVC pipe—a product which is
mechanically attached to or is an integral part of PVC pipe and
shown in Table 2. The minimum sustained pressure for other
isintendedtopreventseparationofajointinvolvingPVCpipe,
due to internal pressure or external force (that is, restraining of dimension ratios of pipe produced from PVC Compounds
12454A and 12454B (for example, pipe conforming to Speci-
a mechanical joint, PVC pipe or fitting bell, or flange adapter).
3.2.11 restrained joint test specimen—a test section that is fication D 1785) may be determined based on a hoop stress of
4200 psi (28.96 MPa).
assembled with the joint restraint product being tested. The
4.4 A cyclic surge pressure test of restrained joint test
ends of the pipe are capped and all of the load from the end
specimensdeterminestheeffectofthejointrestraintproducton
thrust is transferred to the pipe to induce longitudinal stress in
the cyclic fatigue life of PVC pipe. This test method provides
the pipe wall, in addition to hoop stress. The restraint device
a means for quickly identifying any reduction in performance
being tested should provide all resistance to joint separation.
that might result from the combination of the joint restraint
3.2.12 sustained pressure requirement—the internal pres-
product and the pipe.The peak hoop stress shall be determined
surethatmustbemaintainedfor1000hinarestrainedjointtest
for the pipe based on the Vinson equation for a period of
specimen for sustained pressure tests; it is dependent upon
1 000 000 cycles. The base pressure shall be one half of the
PVC compound and dimension ratio or pipe schedule.
peak pressure. The peak pressure requirements for some
3.2.13 Vinson Equation—An empirical equation developed
common dimension ratios are shown in Table 3. The peak
by H. W. Vinson for the conservative estimation of cyclic
pressure for other dimension ratios for pipe produced from
pressure surge limits in the design of typical PVC pipe and is
PVC Compounds 12454A and 12454B (for example, pipe
given by the following:
conforming to Specification D 1785) may be determined based
21 24.906
C 5 ~5.05 3 10 !S ~see Footnote 2!
on a hoop stress of 1587 psi (10.94 MPa).
where: 5. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
C = average number of cycles to failure and
5.1 Pipe Specimen Length—The specimen length shall be
S = peak hoop stress, psi, (MPa 3 145.04 = psi).
such that the distance between any combination of end closure
or restraint product is as follows:
4. Significance and Use
5.1.1 For nominal pipe sizes 6 in. (150 mm) or less, a
4.1 This test method is useful for establishing any effects
minimum of five times the nominal outside diameter, but not
that a joint restraint product has on the performance of PVC
less than 12 in. (305 mm),
pressure pipe. This test method is designed so that success in
all three parts of the test provides reasonable assurance that a
TABLE 2 Sustained Pressure Requirements for Some Common
joint restraint product may be used on PVC pipe at the full Dimension Ratios, PVC Compounds 12454A or 12454B
pressure rating and capacity of the pipe.
A
Dimension Ratio (DR) Pressure, psi (kPa)
4.2 Restrained joint test specimens shall be subjected to
internal pressures that are equal to the minimum burst pressure 13.5 670 (4619)
14 650 (4482)
requirements for the pipe alone. The minimum burst pressure
17 530 (3654)
requirements for some common dimension ratios are shown in
18 500 (3447)
21 420 (2896)
Table 1. The minimum burst pressures for other dimension
25 350 (2413)
ratios of pipe
...
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