ASTM D6226-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics
Standard Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used in specifications where porosity of cellular plastics has a direct bearing on their end use. For example, for thermal insulation applications, a high percentage of closed cells is necessary to prevent escape of gases and to promote low thermal conductivity. In flotation applications, high closed-cell content generally reduces water absorption.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, or both, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers cellular plastics, which are composed of membranes or walls of polymer separating small cavities or cells. These cells may be interconnecting (open cell), non-connecting (closed cell), or any combination of these types. This test method determines numerical values for open cells. It is a porosity determination, measuring the accessible cellular volume of a material. The remaining volume is that occupied by closed cells and cell walls. Since any conveniently sized specimen can only be obtained by some cutting operation, a fraction of the closed cells will be opened by specimen preparation and will be included as open cells, (see Note 2).
1.2 This test method provides good accuracy on predominantly highly open-celled materials. By not accounting for closed cells that were opened during specimen preparation, the accuracy decreases as the closed cell content increases and as the cell size increases.
1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in brackets are given for reference only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method and ISO 4590-1981 use the same basic principles but are significantly different in experimental detail.
Note 2—Two procedures for correcting for cells opened during specimen preparation are described in Appendix X1.1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D6226 – 05
Standard Test Method for
1
Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers cellular plastics, which are
2.2 ISO Standard:
composed of membranes or walls of polymer separating small
ISO 4590-1981 Cellular Plastics—Determination of Vol-
cavities or cells. These cells may be interconnecting (open
ume Percentage of Open and Closed Cells of Rigid
cell),non-connecting(closedcell),oranycombinationofthese
3
Materials
types. This test method determines numerical values for open
cells. It is a porosity determination, measuring the accessible
3. Terminology
cellular volume of a material. The remaining volume is that
3.1 Definitions:
occupiedbyclosedcellsandcellwalls.Sinceanyconveniently
3.1.1 Terms relating to plastics as given in Terminology
sized specimen can only be obtained by some cutting opera-
D883 shall be used where applicable.
tion, a fraction of the closed cells will be opened by specimen
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
preparation and will be included as open cells, (see Note 2).
3.2.1 closed cell—a cell totally enclosed by its walls and
1.2 This test method provides good accuracy on predomi-
hence not interconnecting with other cells.
nantly highly open-celled materials. By not accounting for
3.2.2 open cell—a cell not totally enclosed by its walls and
closed cells that were opened during specimen preparation, the
open to the surface either directly or by interconnecting with
accuracy decreases as the closed cell content increases and as
other cells.
the cell size increases.
3.2.3 volume of closed cells and cell walls—inaccessible
1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
internal volume, consisting of an aggregate of solid polymer
standard. The values in brackets are given for reference only.
volume (cell walls, struts), filler volume, when applicable
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(solid particles or fibers), the volume of individual closed cells,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
andthevolumeofsmallcellgroupsinterconnectedbyruptured
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cell walls but otherwise inaccessible.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 uncorrected volume of open cells—theaggregatemea-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surement of both the internal porous volume of the material
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 4590-1981 use the same basic
and the various irregular volumes accessible at the cut-cell
principles but are significantly different in experimental detail.
surface of the test specimen.
NOTE 2—Two procedures for correcting for cells opened during speci-
3.3 Symbols:
men preparation are described in Appendix X1.1.
3.3.1 d—specimen diameter, cm.
2. Referenced Documents 3.3.2 h—specimen height, cm.
2
3.3.3 l—specimen length, cm.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3.4 O —volume, percent open cells.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics v
3
3.3.5 V—geometric volume of specimen, cm .
D2842 Test Method for WaterAbsorption of Rigid Cellular
3
3.3.6 V —volume of the calibration standard, cm .
CALIB
Plastics
3
3.3.7 V —volume of the sample chamber, cm .
CHAMBER
D3576 Test Method for Cell Size of Rigid Cellular Plastics
3
3.3.8 V —expansion reference volume, cm .
EXP
3
3.3.9 V —specimen displacement volume, cm , and,
SPEC
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
3.3.10 w—specimen width, cm.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials—
Plastics and Elastomers.
4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
´1
4.1 This test method is based on a determination of porosity
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D6226 - 98 . DOI:
10.1520/D6226-05.
in which the accessible cellular volume of a cellular plastic is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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