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ASTM C346-87(2018)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials (Withdrawn 2023)

Standard Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials (Withdrawn 2023)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used to compare the gloss of porcelain enamel, ceramic, and other finishes or to provide a comparison of their resistance to attack from acid, alkali, or other environmental factors by measurement of gloss loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specular gloss of porcelain enameled specimens, but may be applicable to other specimens having similar reflection characteristics. This test method may be used to compare the gloss of porcelain enameled specimens or to provide an index of acid or abrasion resistance by measurement of gloss loss.  
Note 1: Specular gloss is one of several related appearance attributes that produce the sensation of glossiness. For this reason, specular gloss measurements may not always correlate well with visual rankings of glossiness.
Note 2: Improved correlations with visual judgments can sometimes be achieved by the use of instruments with different geometries than those specified herein. Refer to Test Method D523 for 20, 60, and 85-deg geometries. Values generally cannot be predicated for one geometry from measurements made with another.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of the specular gloss of porcelain enameled specimens, but may have been applicable to other specimens having similar reflection characteristics. This test method may have been used to compare the gloss of porcelain enameled specimens or to provide an index of acid or abrasion resistance by measurement of gloss loss.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings, this test method was withdrawn in June 2023 and replaced by Test Method D523 on Specular Gloss.1

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
30-Sep-2018
ICS
31.060.20 - Ceramic and mica capacitors
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.12 - Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM C346-87(2018) - Standard Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials (Withdrawn 2023)ASTM C346-87(2018) - Standard Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials (Withdrawn 2023)
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ASTM C346-87(2018) - Standard Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials (Withdrawn 2023)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C346 − 87 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
1
45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C346; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope Filter Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1991)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specu-
3. Terminology
lar gloss of porcelain enameled specimens, but may be appli-
3.1 Definitions:
cable to other specimens having similar reflection characteris-
3.1.1 specular gloss—ratio of reflected to incident light,
tics. This test method may be used to compare the gloss of
times 1000, for specified apertures of illumination and recep-
porcelain enameled specimens or to provide an index of acid or
tion when the axis of reception coincides with the mirror image
abrasion resistance by measurement of gloss loss.
of the axis of illumination.
NOTE 1—Specular gloss is one of several related appearance attributes
NOTE 3—In this operational definition, the quantity defined as specular
that produce the sensation of glossiness. For this reason, specular gloss
gloss is composed of surface-reflected and body-reflected components.
measurements may not always correlate well with visual rankings of
For some low-gloss measurements, an approximate evaluation of the
glossiness.
surface-reflected component of specular gloss may be required (see
NOTE 2—Improved correlations with visual judgments can sometimes
Section 9).
be achieved by the use of instruments with different geometries than those
specified herein. Refer to Test Method D523 for 20, 60, and 85-deg
3.1.2 45-deg specular gloss—fraction of visible light inci-
geometries. Values generally cannot be predicated for one geometry from
dent upon the specimens at 45° to the normal that is reflected
measurements made with another.
in the direction of mirror reflection.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 4—Under ideal conditions, the incident beam should consist of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
parallel light, and only light reflected in the true direction of mirror
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
reflection should be accepted for measurement.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.3 source aperture—angular size (solid angle) of the light
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
source (lamp filament, if an incandescent source is used)
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
measured from the center of the incident beam lens.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.4 receptor aperture—angular size (solid angle) of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
receptor window, measured from the center of the receptor
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lens.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 This test method may be used to compare the gloss of
2 porcelain enamel, ceramic, and other finishes or to provide a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
comparison of their resistance to attack from acid, alkali, or
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
other environmental factors by measurement of gloss loss.
E97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor,
45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band
5. Apparatus
5.1 Instrumental Components—The apparatus shall consist
of an incandescent light source and lens furnishing an incident
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic
beam of rays of required aperture, means for locating the
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
surface of the specimen, and a receptor located to receive the
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems. 19th St., Suite 200,
Arlington, VA 22209. required pyramid of rays reflected from the specimen. The
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
receptor shall be a photosensitive device having maximum
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C346 – 87 (2014).
response near the middle of the visible region of the spectrum.
DOI: 10.1520/C0346-87R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is refer
...

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1.1.2 This test method cannot always discriminate between individual fibers of the asbestos and non-asbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for determination of asbestos in both ambient (outdoor) and building atmospheres.  
1.2.1 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary-pore filters or cellulose ester (either mixed esters of cellulose or cellulose nitrate) filters through which a known volume of air has been drawn and for blank filters.  
1.3 The upper range of concentrations that can be determined by this test method is 7000 s/mm2. The air concentration represented by this value is a function of the volume of air sampled.  
1.3.1 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers that can be detected. In practice, microscopists vary in their ability to detect very small asbestos fibers. Therefore, a minimum length of 0.5 μm has been defined as the shortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.  
1.4 The direct analytical method cannot be used if the general particulate matter loading of the sample collection filter as analyzed exceeds approximately 10 % coverage of the collection filter by particulate matter.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropri...

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    English language
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