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ASTM D5487-16(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines

Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Shipping containers and the interior packaging materials are used to protect their contents from the hazards encountered in handling, transportation, and storage. Shock is one of the more troublesome of these hazards. Free-fall drop testing, while easy to perform, often understresses the test specimen by subjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to the dropping surface.
Note 1: For example, testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops, 2° off perpendicularity, result in 8 % lower acceleration into the test specimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.4  
4.1.1 Controlled shock input by shock machines provides a convenient method for evaluating the ability of shipping containers, interior packaging materials, and contents to withstand shocks. Simulated free-fall drop testing of package systems, which have critical elements, has produced good results where the frequency of the shock pulse is at least three times that of the package system's natural frequency.  
4.2 As in most mechanical shock test procedures, fixturing of the package on the shock test machine may have significant influence on the test results. Typically, packages will be firmly held on the table by securing some type of cross member(s) across the top of the package. Care should be taken that any pressure resulting from such fixturing should be minimal, particularly when the container being tested is corrugated or some other similar material.  
4.2.1 In cases where low-acceleration, long-duration responses are anticipated, any fixturing can potentially influence packaged item response and can possibly alter any correlation between this test method and free-fall drop testing. Where such correlation is desired, the package can be tested without it being fixed directly to the table. Note that in such circumstances, the shipping container can vigorously rebound from the table and can, if not otherwise controlled, present a safety problem for operators. Fixing the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the general procedures of using shock machines to replicate the effects of vertical drops of loaded shipping containers, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Apr-2022
ICS
55.180.10 - General purpose containers
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D5487-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock MachinesASTM D5487-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
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ASTM D5487-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5487 − 16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
1
Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.1 This test method covers the general procedures of using
Lot or Process
shock machines to replicate the effects of vertical drops of
loaded shipping containers, cylindrical containers, and bags
3. Terminology
and sacks.
3.1 General terms for packaging and distribution environ-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ments are found in Terminology D996.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 critical element—the most fragile component of the
and are not considered standard.
3
test specimen.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 shock pulse programmer—a device used to control the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- parameters of the shock pulse and shape of the pulse generated
by the shock test machine.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 shock test machine drop height—the distance through
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
which the carriage of the shock test machine free falls before
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
striking the shock pulse programmer.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.4 velocity—the rate of change of position of a body in a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specified direction with respect to time, measured in inches per
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
second or metres per second.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Shippingcontainersandtheinteriorpackagingmaterials
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
are used to protect their contents from the hazards encountered
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
in handling, transportation, and storage. Shock is one of the
ments
more troublesome of these hazards. Free-fall drop testing,
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
while easy to perform, often understresses the test specimen by
tainers
subjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to the
D3332 Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of
dropping surface.
Products, Using Shock Machines
NOTE 1—For example, testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops,
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
2° off perpendicularity, result in 8 % lower acceleration into the test
Packaging Components for Testing
4
specimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
4.1.1 Controlled shock input by shock machines provides a
Free Fall
convenient method for evaluating the ability of shipping
containers, interior packaging materials, and contents to with-
1 stand shocks. Simulated free-fall drop testing of package
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping systems, which have critical elements, has produced good
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved April 15, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5487 – 16. DOI:
3
10.1520/D5487-16R22. Robert E. Newton, FragilityAssessment Theory and Test Procedures, U. Naval
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Fiedler, Robert M. and Fanfu Li, A Study of the Effects of Impact Angles on the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Shock Levels Experienced by Packaged Products, MTS Systems Corporation. On
the ASTM website. file at ASTM. Request RR:D10-1008.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
...

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5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
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