ASTM D1840-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for naphthalene hydrocarbons is one of a group of tests used to assess the combustion characteristics of aviation turbine fuels of the kerosene boiling range. The naphthalene hydrocarbon content is determined because naphthalenes, when burned, tend to have a relatively larger contribution to a sooty flame, smoke, and thermal radiation than single ring aromatics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene, acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons in jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze fuels containing not more than 5 % of such components and having end points below 315°C (600°F); however, the range of concentrations used in the interlaboratory test programs which established the precision statements for this test method were 0.03 to 4.25 volume % for Procedure A, and 0.08 to 5.6 volume % for Procedure B. This test method determines the maximum amount of naphthalenes that could be present.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.
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Designation: D1840 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by
1
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorp-
tion spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Termi-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedetermination,byultraviolet
nology E131. Terms of particular significance are the follow-
spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene,
ing:
acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons
3.1.2 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromag-
in jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze fuels
netic waves.
containing not more than 5 % of such components and having
end points below 315°C (600°F); however, the range of
3.1.3 radiant power, P, n—rate at which energy is trans-
concentrations used in the interlaboratory test programs which
ported in a beam of radiant energy.
established the precision statements for this test method were
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
0.03to4.25volume%forProcedureA,and0.08to5.6volume
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a sub-
% for Procedure B. This test method determines the maximum
stance that determines its ability to take up radiant power,
amount of naphthalenes that could be present.
expressed by
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
A 5 log 1/T 52log T (1)
~ !
10 10
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
where:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
T = transmittance as defined in 3.2.5.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—It may be necessary to correct the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
observed transmittance (indicated by the spectrophotometer)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
by compensating for reflectance losses, solvent absorption
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
losses, or refraction effects.
warning statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance
2. Referenced Documents
to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
length, expressed by
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
a 5 A/bc (2)
E169 PracticesforGeneralTechniquesofUltraviolet-Visible
Quantitative Analysis
where:
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
A = absorbance defined in 3.2.1,
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
b = sample cell path length, and
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit
3. Terminology
volume of solvent.
3.1 Definitions:
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Quantitative ultraviolet analyses are
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
based upon the absorption law, known as Beer’s law. The law
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
statesthattheabsorbanceofahomogeneoussamplecontaining
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
an absorbing substance is directly proportional to the concen-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1840-03. DOI:
tration of the absorbing substance at a single wavelength,
10.1520/D1840-07.
expressed by
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
A 5 abc (3)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. where:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1840 − 07
7. Apparatus
A = absorbance as defined in 3.2.1,
a = absorptivity as defined in 3.2.2,
7.1 Spectrophotometer, equipped to measure the absorbance
b = sample cell path length, and
ofsolutionsinthespectralregion240to300nmwithaspectral
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit
slit width of 1 nm or less. Wavelength measurements shall be
volume of solvent.
repeatable and known to be accurate within 0.1 nm or less as
3.2.3 concentration, c, n—the quantity of naphthalene hy- measured by mercury emission line at 253.65 nm or
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D1840–03 Designation:D1840–07
Standard Test Method for
Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by
1
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene,
acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons in jet fuels.This test method is designed to analyze fuels containing
not more than 5 % of such components and having end points below 315°C (600°F); however, the range of concentrations used
in the interlaboratory test programs which established the precision statements for this test method were 0.03 to 4.25 volume %
for Procedure A, and 0.08 to 5.6 volume % for Procedure B. This test method determines the maximum amount of naphthalenes
that could be present.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values statedgiven in inch-pound unitsparentheses are
for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E 169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared Spectrophotometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Terminology
E 131. Terms of particular significance are the following:
3.1.1.1radiant energy, n
3.1.2 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromagnetic waves.
3.1.1.23.1.3 radiant power, P, n—the rate—rate at which energy is transported in a beam of radiant energy.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed
by
A 5 log ~1/T!52log T (1)
10 10
where:
T = transmittance as defined in 3.2.5.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—It may be necessary to correct the observed transmittance (indicated by the spectrophotometer) by
compensating for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, or refraction effects.
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
length, expressed by
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0F
on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003.2007. Published November 2003.December 2007. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20022003 as
D 1840-023.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1840–07
a 5 A/bc (2)
where:
A = absorbance defined in 3.2.1,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit volume of solvent.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Quantitative ultraviolet analyses are based upon the absorption law, known as Beer’s law. The law states
that the absorbance of a homogeneous sample containing an absorbing substance is directly proportional to the concentration of
the absorbing substance at a single wavelength, expressed by
A 5 abc (3)
where:
A = absorbance as defined in 3.2.1,
a = absorptivity as defined in 3.2.2,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = quant
...
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