ASTM D1840-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for naphthalene hydrocarbons is one of a group of tests used to assess the combustion characteristics of aviation turbine fuels of the kerosene boiling range. The naphthalene hydrocarbon content is determined because naphthalenes, when burned, tend to have a relatively larger contribution to a sooty flame, smoke, and thermal radiation than single ring aromatics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene, acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons in jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze fuels containing not more than 5 % of such components and having end points below 315°C (600°F); however, the range of concentrations used in the interlaboratory test programs which established the precision statements for this test method were 0.03 to 4.25 volume % for Procedure A, and 0.08 to 5.6 volume % for Procedure B. This test method determines the maximum amount of naphthalenes that could be present.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D1840–03
Standard Test Method for
Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by
1
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared Spectrophotom-
eters
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedetermination,byultraviolet
spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene,
3. Terminology
acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons
3.1 Definitions:
in jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze fuels
3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorp-
containing not more than 5 % of such components and having
tion spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Termi-
end points below 315°C (600°F); however, the range of
nology E 131. Terms of particular significance are the follow-
concentrations used in the interlaboratory test programs which
ing:
established the precision statements for this test method were
3.1.1.1 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electro-
0.03to4.25volume%forProcedureA,and0.08to5.6volume
magnetic waves.
% for Procedure B. This test method determines the maximum
3.1.1.2 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is
amount of naphthalenes that could be present.
transported in a beam of radiant energy.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a sub-
mation only.
stance that determines its ability to take up radiant power,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
expressed by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- A 5 log ~1/T!52log T (1)
10 10
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
where:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
T = transmittance as defined in 3.2.5.
warning statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—It may be necessary to correct the
observed transmittance (indicated by the spectrophotometer)
2. Referenced Documents
by compensating for reflectance losses, solvent absorption
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
losses, or refraction effects.
E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance
E 169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-
to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
Visible Quantitative Analysis
length, expressed by
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
a 5 A/bc (2)
where:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
A = absorbance defined in 3.2.1,
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
b = sample cell path length, and
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 1840-02.
volume of solvent.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Quantitative ultraviolet analyses are
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
based upon the absorption law, known as Beer’s law. The law
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. statesthattheabsorbanceofahomogeneoussamplecontaining
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1840–03
TABLE 1 Interfering Compounds
an absorbing substance is directly proportional to the concen-
tration of the absorbing substance at a single wavelength, Error in Percentage of
Type of Interfering Compound Naphthalenes Caused by 1 %
expressed by
Interfering Compound
A 5 abc (3)
Phenanthrenes 2
Dibenzothiophenes 2
where:
Biphenyls 1
A = absorbance as defined in 3.2.1,
Benzothiophenes 0.6
Anthracenes 0.1
a = absorptivity as defined in 3.2.2,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit
measured by mercury emission line at 253.65 nm or the
volume of solvent.
absorptionspectrumofeitherholmiumoxideg
...
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