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ASTM D4958-97

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type latex paints.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent paints.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1997
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.42 - Architectural Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4958-97(2004) - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4287-00(2019) - Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997
Referred By
ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997
Referred By
ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997
Referred By
ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997
Referred By
ASTM D7394-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Rheological Characterization of Architectural Coatings using Three Rotational Bench Viscometers
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997
Referred By
ASTM D16-23 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997

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ASTM D4958-97 - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex PaintsASTM D4958-97 - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
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ASTM D4958-97 - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4958 – 97
Standard Test Method for
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2 2
1. Scope made at a spreading rate of 400 ft /gal (9.82 m /L) and is
completed in 30 to 35 s. The degree of brush drag is rated
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure
subjectively using a series of standard descriptive terms
for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-
corresponding to numerical values of 1 to 10. The rank order of
borne paints.
a set of samples is thereby established.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also appli-
cable to solvent-borne paints.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes
2. Referenced Documents it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for
easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
degree of brush drag).
and Related Products
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related
customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to
Materials
maximize the reliability and precision with which this charac-
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
teristic may be determined.
Pigmented Coatings
D 4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using the ICI
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear
Cone/Plate Viscometer viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results
obtained by this method and Test Method D 4287. The sensitivity of this
D 5068 Standard Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes
brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brush-
for Evaluation
abilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than
0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement
3. Terminology
between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and
3.1 Definitions—See Paint/Coatings Dictionary for defini-
solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the
tion of terms used in this test method.
result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological
3.1.1 brush-drag—resistance encountered when applying a properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.
coating by brush.
6. Apparatus
4. Summary of Test Method 3
6.1 Brush, 2-in. (50-mm) polyester filament, 2 ⁄4-in. (70-
4.1 A 2-in. (50-mm) polyester brush is used to apply the test mm) length-out, ⁄16 in. (14 mm) thick, with a chiseled tip.
2 2
paint on a 1.076-ft (1000-cm ) test area. The application is
NOTE 2—All tests of a given series of paints, within or between
laboratories, should be carried out with commercially identical brushes.
6.2 Stopwatch.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
6.3 Balance, capable of weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Finishes.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originally
published as D 4958 – 89. Last previous edition D 4958 – 91.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
4 5
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492 Norris- Supoporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:
town Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422. D01–1072.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4958
6.4 Test charts, with a sealed surface, having 1.076 ft (1000 3—Slight to moderate
2 6
cm ) of test area. 4—Moderate
5—Moderate to considerable
7. Sampling and Conditioning
6—Considerable
7—Considerabl
...

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Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

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5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).  
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be determined.
Note 1: The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushability corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when both latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.3
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1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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