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ASTM D156-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.
Note 1—For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color 16, see Test Method D 1500.
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test method and recorded as, "Saybolt Color units."
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 2—Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D156-00 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D156-02e1 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1500-12(2017) - Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D268-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1123-22a - Standard Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concentrate by the Karl Fischer Reagent Method
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM E805-22 - Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D128-98(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D235-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3735-22 - Standard Specification for VM&P Naphthas
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7847-22 - Standard Guide for Interlaboratory Studies for Microbiological Test Methods
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1209-05(2019) - Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4871-11(2022) - Standard Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability Test Apparatus
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3699-19 - Standard Specification for Kerosine
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5983-21 - Standard Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for Blending With Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7618-13(2021) - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM D156-02 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)ASTM D156-02 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
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ASTM D156-02 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 156 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope Petroleum Products
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthecolorof
3. Terminology
refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition,
3.1.1 Saybolt color—an empirical definition of the color of
petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.
a clear petroleum liquid based on a scale of−16 (darkest)
NOTE 1—For determining the color of petroleum products darker than
to+30 (lightest). The number is derived by finding the height
Saybolt Color−16, see Test Method D1500.
of a column of the sample that, when viewed through the
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test
length of the column, visually matches the appropriate one of
method and recorded as, “Saybolt Color units.”
three glass standards and referring to Table 1 of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and
D156.
whicharenotinparenthesesaretoberegardedasthestandard.
4. Summary of Test Method
The values given in parentheses are for information only.
4.1 The height of a column of sample is decreased by levels
NOTE 2—Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have
correspondingtocolornumbersuntilthecolorofthesampleis
traditionallybeenmarkedininches,(thetubeisrequiredtobeetchedwith
1 1
unmistakably lighter than that of the standard. The color
⁄8in.divisions.)TheSayboltColorNumbersarealignedwithinch, ⁄2in.,
1 1
⁄4in.,and ⁄8in.changesinthedepthofoil.Thesefractionalinchchanges number above this level is reported, regardless of whether the
do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the prepon-
samplewasdarker,questionable,oramatchatthehigherlevel.
derance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound
unitisregardedasthestandard.HoweverthetestmethoddoesuseSIunits
5. Significance and Use
oflengthwhenthelengthisnotdirectlyrelatedtodivisionsontheoiltube
5.1 Determinationofthecolorofpetroleumproductsisused
and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for tempera-
mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important
ture.
qualitycharacteristicsincecolorisreadilyobservedbytheuser
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
indicationofthedegreeofrefinementofthematerial.Whenthe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
colorrangeofaparticularproductisknown,avariationoutside
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
theestablishedrangemayindicatepossiblecontaminationwith
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide
to product quality and should not be used indiscriminantly in
2. Referenced Documents
product specifications.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum
6. Apparatus
2
Waxes, Including Petrolatum
6.1 The Saybolt chromometer consisting of sample and
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
standard tubes, optical system, light source, and color stan-
2
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
dards, is described in detail inAnnexA1 and illustrated in Fig.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
A1.1.
7. Standardization of Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
7.1 Remove the glass disk from the bottom of the oil tube.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Clean the disk, oil tube, and plain tube. When deposits are not
D02.05.0C on Color and Reactivity.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D156–00.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D156–02
TABLE 1 Saybolt Colors Corresponding to Depths of Oil
Number of Color Number of Color Depth of Oil,
Depth of Oil, in. (mm) Color Number Color Number
Standards Standards in. (mm)
One-half 20.0
...

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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
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5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
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Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

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5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
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5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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