ASTM G198-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood
Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides controlled environments which are utilized to produce corrosion of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood exposed to the given test environments. The test method provides information that can be used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with different chemical wood treatments.
The results shall be used for comparative purposes only and they shall not be correlated to exposure time in natural environments.
The reproducibility of results in these types of tests is highly dependent on the type of samples tested and the evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the operating variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and focuses on the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, and nonmetallic-coated smooth and deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood in exterior or high moisture exposure applications using comparative tests with control fastener specimens of standardized benchmarks. This test method may be used for preservative-treated wood.
1.2 This test method describes the apparatus, procedure, and conditions required to maintain test environments for the Cyclic Fog Test and the Steady State Moisture Test.
1.3 This test method describes the types of test samples, lists exposure periods, and gives guidance on interpretation of results.
1.4 Until experience is gained comparing laboratory-to-laboratory results with this test method, comparisons of fasteners, coatings, materials, or preservatives shall be made only within the results of the same test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G198 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven
Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
1.1 This test method covers and focuses on the corrosion
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
resistance of metal, metal-coated, and nonmetallic-coated
Cross Section
smooth and deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
treatedwoodinexteriororhighmoistureexposureapplications
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
using comparative tests with control fastener specimens of
Magnetic Basis Metals
standardized benchmarks. This test method may be used for
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
preservative-treated wood.
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
1.2 Thistestmethoddescribestheapparatus,procedure,and
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
conditions required to maintain test environments for the
Steel Surfaces
Cyclic Fog Test and the Steady State Moisture Test.
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
1.3 Thistestmethoddescribesthetypesoftestsamples,lists woods
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
exposure periods, and gives guidance on interpretation of
results. D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
1.4 Until experience is gained comparing laboratory-to-
D4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and
laboratory results with this test method, comparisons of
Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters
fasteners, coatings, materials, or preservatives shall be made
E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by
only within the results of the same test.
Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ing Methods
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the sion Test Specimens
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the G60 Practice for Conducting Cyclic Humidity Exposures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2 American Wood Protection Association:
U1-09 Use Category System: Use Specification for Treated
2. Referenced Documents
Wood
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings 3.1 Definitions—Terminology G193 contains other terms
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on and definitions relating to corrosion and corrosion testing.
Iron and Steel Hardware Terminology D1165 contains other terms and definitions relat-
ing to wood and wood testing.
1 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.14 on 3.2.1 bright, adj—uncoated steel.
Corrosion of Metals in Construction Materials.
3.2.2 fastener, n—metallic, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI:10.1520/
coated smooth or deformed shank driven fastener.
G0198–11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), P.O. Box
the ASTM website. 361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http://www.awpa.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G198 − 11
3.2.3 test sample, n—combination of fasteners installed into 6.1.3 The apparatus shall be capable of providing a relative
a treated wood specimen. humidity of 95% for 24 h a day for a period of at least 120
days.
3.2.4 wood specimen, n—section of wood into which fas-
6.1.4 The apparatus shall be capable of providing a constant
teners are driven to form test samples. Specimens may be
temperature of 32 6 2°C (90 6 3°F).
treated for testing of materials, coatings, or chemicals or may
be untreated for use as controls.
6.2 Cyclic Fog Test—The cyclic fog test shall consist of a
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Wood cross-sectional dimensions are
fog chamber with a solution reservoir, a supply of suitably
given in exact numbers for SI units and nominal numbers for
conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing nozzles,
inch-pound units.
specimen supports, provisions for heating the chamber and
necessary means of controlling fog spray and heating cycles
4. Summary of Test Method
and means of purging fog with fresh air prior to heat cycles for
4.1 This test method covers the preparation, testing and
a period of at least 120 days.The material of construction shall
evaluation of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated
be such that it will not affect the corrosiveness of the fog.
smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners installed in treated
Similar tests are described in Practice
B117 and Practice G85
wood. Control specimens tested in the same conditions shall be
with the exception that these practices use salt solutions during
hot-dip galvanized fasteners that are coated as described in
the testing.
Specification A153/A153M or bright fasteners with no coat-
6.2.1 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or
ings. The fasteners are installed in the treated wood specimen
cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the
before testing so that the chemicals in the wood are in direct
samples being exposed and shall not be returned to the
contact with the metal or coating. Test samples are then tested
reservoir for respraying.
in Steady State Moisture Tests or Cyclic Fog Tests. For each
6.2.2 Drops of solution which fall from the samples shall
type of sample, separate groups of test samples shall be tested
not be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.
under either or both of the two test conditions. Procedures for
conducting tests in two environmental conditions, Steady State 7. Reagents and Materials
Moisture Tests and Cyclic Fog Tests, are described as well as
7.1 WaterusedforthistestmethodshallconformtoTypeIV
position of the samples and measurement techniques for
water as described in Specification D1193 and shall be referred
determining the degree of corrosion. Guidance is given for
to as purified water.
methods of exposure and inspection of corroded fasteners in
the two environmental conditions.
8. Air Supply
5. Significance and Use 8.1 Thecompressedairsupplyshallbefreeofwater,grease,
oil and dirt.
5.1 This test method provides controlled environments
which are utilized to produce corrosion of metal, metal-coated,
NOTE 1—The air supply may be freed from oil and dust by passing it
or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fas- through a suitable oil/water extractor (that is commercially available) to
stop any oil from emerging. Many oil/water extractors have an expiration
teners in contact with treated wood exposed to the given test
indicator; proper preventive maintenance intervals should take these into
environments. The test method provides information that can
account.
be used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-
coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank
9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
driven fasteners in contact with different chemical wood
9.1 Fastener Specimens:
treatments.
9.1.1 Aminimum of 65 fasteners shall be used for complete
5.2 The results shall be used for comparative purposes only
evaluation per this test method using both test conditions on
and they shall not be correlated to exposure time in natural
any type of sample fastener; metal, metal-coated, or
environments.
nonmetallic-coated. Multiple fastener types may be tested in
the same cycle of testing with one set of control fasteners.
5.3 The reproducibility of results in these types of tests is
highly dependent on the type of samples tested and the Different fastener lengths may require different wood sizes to
accommodate the length of the fasteners.
evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the
operating variables. 9.1.2 Initial Cleaning of Metal, Metal-Coated, or
Nonmetallic-Coated Smooth or Deformed Shank Driven
6. Apparatus
Fasteners—Initial cleaning of fastener shall be done by rinsing
6.1 Steady State Moisture Test—The apparatus required for with purified water and drying with forced hot air, air tempera-
steady state moisture tests shall consist of a test chamber, ture shall be between 40 to 60°C (104 to 140°F).
provisions for heating the chamber, a humidifying tower, a 9.1.3 Coating Mass—Five randomly selected fasteners shall
supply of compressed air, sample supports, and necessary be taken from the cleaned group of fasteners and shall be
means of control. stripped of coating and weighed to determine the average
6.1.1 There are no size or construction requirements other coating mass. Stripping and weighing of zinc and zinc-alloy
than those needed to meet the requirements of the test method. products shall be in accordance Test Method A90/A90M. The
6.1.2 A schematic diagram of a typical apparatus is shown mass for an individual fastener shall be determined to the
in Practice G60, Figure 1. nearest 0.001 g (0.000032 oz). Coatings other than zinc shall
G198 − 11
be stripped using an appropriate method to measure coating reach equilibrium. Equilibrium is defined as no more than a
mass of the corrosion-resistant layer(s). Coatings other than 60.2% change in a 24-h period of the average mass of ten
zinc and zinc-alloys shall have their mass or coating thickness randomly selected treated wood specimens. These measure-
determined by one of the following methods; Test Method ments shall be conducted every 24 h, and mass shall be
B487,TestMethodB499,TestMethodB504,orPracticeE376. recorded and the change calculated until such equilibrium is
9.1.4 Fastener Diameter—The sample group of five random achieved. Conditions for treated wood specimen conditioning
fasteners from 9.1.3 shall be used to measure the core diameter shall be the same as the Steady State Moisture Test conditions.
of the fastener. The diameter shall be measured at mid-length, 9.2.2.2 Moisture content of the treated wood specimen shall
610 mm (60.4 in.), on the shank of each fastener and is the be determined on one of the treated wood specimens. The
minimum diameter measurement at the selected cross section. beginning and final moisture content of the treated wood
For deformed shank fasteners the measurement shall be made specimen shall be determined using calibrated meters in
at a portion of the shank that has not been deformed, if such a accordance withTest Method D4444 for samples with a known
surface is available. Portions of nail shanks with gripper marks moisture adjustment for the preservative or by oven drying
shall also be avoided, if possible. The diameter shall be methods in accordance with Test Method D4442 for any
measured to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) The five sample sample.
diameter measurements shall be averaged to obtain the group
9.3 Test Samples:
fastener diameter.
9.3.1 When preparation of the fastener specimens and the
9.1.5 Control Fastener Group—There shall be a group of
treated wood specimens are complete, the fastener specimens
hot-dip galvanized fasteners that are galvanized to Specifica-
shall be installed in contact with the treated wood specimens.
tion A153/A153M. When testing some coated fasteners, the
9.3.2 The evaluation of the fasteners shall be conducted by
moreappropriatecontrolfastenergroupwillbebrightfasteners
installing them into the treated wood specimen as done in
rather than galvanized fasteners. Fasteners in the control
application, that is, by hand driving or power driving with no
samples shall be of the same nominal diameter and length as
pre-drilled pilot holes. When the test objective is the compari-
the fasteners that are being tested and shall have similar
son of wood treatments, the use of pilot holes is permitted to
geometry to the fasteners that are being tested.
reduce variables associated with fastener installation. Fastener
9.2 Treated Wood Specimens: heads shall be installed such that the bottom of the fastener
9.2.1 Each treated wood specimen used in this procedure head is in contact with the surface of the treated wood
shall be weighed using a balance or scale to the nearest 0. 5 g specimen and shall not be installed so deep that the top of the
(0.001 lb). Wood for this test method shall be Southern Pine fastener head is below the surface of the treated wood
sapwood.The sapwood of other wood species may be added to specimen. Fastener placement shall avoid knots in the wood.
the testing program and details of the additional wood species Fasteners shall not be installed into sections of the wood that
shall be provided in the final test report. contain heartwood as this wood does not accept a uniform
9.2.2 The treated wood specimens used in this procedure chemicaltreatment.Atestsampleshallnolongerbeconsidered
require a conditioning period prior to installation or contact valid if the fasteners cause a split that exceeds two fastener
with the fasteners to be evaluated. diameters in length. A test sample that has any observable
9.2.2.1 The conditioning of the treated wood specimens splitting around more than one fastener shall not be used in
shall be accomplished in an environmental chamber at a environmental condition tests.
relative humidity of 95% with a tolerance for the controller 9.3.3 Fastener center-to-center spacing shall be a minimum
measurementdeviceof 63%andatemperatureof32°C(90°F) of ten times the fastener diameter from the closest nearby
with a tolerance on the temperature controller measurement of fastener, with a clear zone (containing no fasteners) of 38 mm
62°C (3°F). The treated wood specimens shall be held in the (1.5
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