ASTM D5490-93(2002)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Comparing Ground-Water Flow Model Simulations to Site-Specific Information
Standard Guide for Comparing Ground-Water Flow Model Simulations to Site-Specific Information
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
During the process of calibration of a ground-water flow model, each simulation is compared to site-specific information to ascertain the success of previous calibration efforts and to identify potentially beneficial directions for further calibration efforts. Procedures described herein provide guidance for making comparisons between ground-water flow model simulations and measured field data.
This guide is not meant to be an inflexible description of techniques comparing simulations with measured data; other techniques may be applied as appropriate and, after due consideration, some of the techniques herein may be omitted, altered, or enhanced.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers techniques that should be used to compare the results of ground-water flow model simulations to measured field data as a part of the process of calibrating a ground-water model. This comparison produces quantitative and qualitative measures of the degree of correspondence between the simulation and site-specific information related to the physical hydrogeologic system.
1.2 During the process of calibration of a ground-water flow model, each simulation is compared to site-specific information such as measured water levels or flow rates. The degree of correspondence between the simulation and the physical hydrogeologic system can then be compared to that for previous simulations to ascertain the success of previous calibration efforts and to identify potentially beneficial directions for further calibration efforts.
1.3 By necessity, all knowledge of a site is derived from observations. This guide does not address the adequacy of any set of observations for characterizing a site.
1.4 This guide does not establish criteria for successful calibration, nor does it describe techniques for establishing such criteria, nor does it describe techniques for achieving successful calibration.
1.5 This guide is written for comparing the results of numerical ground-water flow models with observed site-specific information. However, these techniques could be applied to other types of ground-water related models, such as analytical models, multiphase flow models, noncontinuum (karst or fracture flow) models, or mass transport models.
1.6 This guide is one of a series of guides on ground-water modeling codes (software) and their applications. Other standards have been prepared on environmental modeling, such as Practice E 978.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation: D 5490 – 93 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Guide for
Comparing Ground-Water Flow Model Simulations to Site-
1
Specific Information
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5490; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This guide covers techniques that should be used to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
compare the results of ground-water flow model simulations to
1.9 This guide offers an organized collection of information
measured field data as a part of the process of calibrating a
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
ground-water model. This comparison produces quantitative
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
and qualitative measures of the degree of correspondence
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
between the simulation and site-specific information related to
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
the physical hydrogeologic system.
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
1.2 Duringtheprocessofcalibrationofaground-waterflow
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
model, each simulation is compared to site-specific informa-
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
tion such as measured water levels or flow rates.The degree of
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
correspondence between the simulation and the physical hy-
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
drogeologic system can then be compared to that for previous
document means only that the document has been approved
simulations to ascertain the success of previous calibration
through the ASTM consensus process.
efforts and to identify potentially beneficial directions for
further calibration efforts.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 By necessity, all knowledge of a site is derived from
2.1 ASTM Standards:
observations. This guide does not address the adequacy of any
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
set of observations for characterizing a site.
2
Fluids
1.4 This guide does not establish criteria for successful
E 978 Practice for Evaluating Mathematical Models for the
calibration, nor does it describe techniques for establishing
3
Environmental Fate of Chemicals
such criteria, nor does it describe techniques for achieving
successful calibration.
3. Terminology
1.5 This guide is written for comparing the results of
3.1 Definitions:
numerical ground-water flow models with observed site-
3.1.1 application verification—using the set of parameter
specific information. However, these techniques could be
values and boundary conditions from a calibrated model to
applied to other types of ground-water related models, such as
approximate acceptably a second set of field data measured
analytical models, multiphase flow models, noncontinuum
under similar hydrologic conditions.
(karst or fracture flow) models, or mass transport models.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Application verification is to be distin-
1.6 This guide is one of a series of guides on ground-water
guishedfromcodeverificationwhichreferstosoftwaretesting,
modeling codes (software) and their applications. Other stan-
comparison with analytical solutions, and comparison with
dards have been prepared on environmental modeling, such as
other similar codes to demonstrate that the code represents its
Practice E 978.
mathematical foundation.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 calibration—the process of refining the model repre-
standard.
sentation of the hydrogeologic framework, hydraulic proper-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ties, and boundary conditions to achieve a desired degree of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
correspondence between the model simulations and observa-
tions of the ground-water flow system.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1993. Published January 1994. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 5490
3.1.3 censored data—know
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