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ASTM D3249-95(2011)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures

Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The significance of this practice is adequately covered in Section 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a general guide for ambient air analyzers used in determining air quality.
1.2 The actual method, or analyzer chosen, depends on the ultimate aim of the user: whether it is for regulatory compliance, process monitoring, or to alert the user of adverse trends. If the method or analyzer is to be used for federal or local compliance, it is recommended that the method published or referenced in the regulations be used in conjunction with this and other ASTM methods.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2011
ICS
13.040.01 - Air quality in general
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3249-95(2005) - Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D3249-95(2019) - Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4844-16 - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D1357-95(2019) - Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7648/D7648M-18 - Standard Practice for Active Soil Gas Sampling for Direct Push or Manual-Driven Hand-Sampling Equipment
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4298-22 - Standard Guide for Intercomparing Permeation Tubes to Establish Traceability
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3670-91(2022) - Standard Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias of Methods of Committee D22
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3824-20 - Standard Test Methods for Continuous Measurement of Oxides of Nitrogen in the Ambient or Workplace Atmosphere by Chemiluminescence
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D2913-20 - Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5110-22a - Standard Practice for Calibration of Ozone Monitors and Certification of Ozone Transfer Standards Using Ultraviolet Photometry
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6332-12(2021) - Standard Guide for Testing Systems for Measuring Dynamic Responses of Carbon Monoxide Detectors to Gases and Vapors
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5111-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Choosing Locations and Sampling Methods to Monitor Atmospheric Deposition at Non-Urban Locations
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01-Oct-2011
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ASTM D6245-18 - Standard Guide for Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation
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ASTM D3249-95(2011) - Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer ProceduresASTM D3249-95(2011) - Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
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ASTM D3249-95(2011) - Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3249 − 95 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3249; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 Thispracticeisageneralguideforambientairanalyzers
used in determining air quality. 3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthispracticeotherthan
those following, refer to Terminology D1356.
1.2 The actual method, or analyzer chosen, depends on the
3.1.2 analyzer—the instrumental equipment necessary to
ultimate aim of the user: whether it is for regulatory
perform automatic analysis of ambient air through the use of
compliance, process monitoring, or to alert the user of adverse
physical and chemical properties and giving either cyclic or
trends. If the method or analyzer is to be used for federal or
continuous output signal.
localcompliance,itisrecommendedthatthemethodpublished
3.1.2.1 analyzer system—all sampling, analyzing, and read-
orreferencedintheregulationsbeusedinconjunctionwiththis
out instrumentation required to perform ambient air quality
and other ASTM methods.
analysis automatically.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2.2 sample system—equipment necessary to provide the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
analyzer with a continuous representative sample.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.3 readout instrumentation—output meters, recorder,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or data acquisition system for monitoring analytical results.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecifichazard
3.1.3 full scale—the maximum measuring limit for a given
statements, see Section 6.
range of an analyzer.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 interference—an undesired output caused by a sub-
stance or substances other than the one being measured. The
2.1 ASTM Standards:
effect of interfering substance(s), on the measurement of
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
interest, shall be expressed as: (6) percentage change of
Atmospheres
measurement compared with the molar amount of the interfer-
D1357Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
ent. If the interference is nonlinear, an algebraic expression
Atmosphere
should be developed (or curve plotted) to show this varying
D3609Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Perme-
effect.
ation Tubes
D3670Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias of 3.1.5 lag time—the time interval from a step change in the
inputconcentrationattheanalyzerinlettothefirstcorrespond-
Methods of Committee D22
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ing change in analyzer signal readout.
ASTM Test Methods
3.1.6 linearity—the maximum deviation between an actual
E200Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
analyzer reading and the reading predicted by a straight line
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis
drawn between upper and lower calibration points. This
deviation is expressed as a percentage of full scale.
3.1.7 minimum detection limit—the smallest input concen-
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
tration that can be determined as the concentration approaches
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
zero.
and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally
3.1.8 noise—random deviations from a mean output not
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3249–95 (2005).
caused by sample concentration changes.
DOI: 10.1520/D3249-95R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.9 operating humidity range of analyzer—the range of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ambientrelativehumidityofairsurroundingtheanalyzer,over
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. which the analyzer will meet all performance specifications.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3249 − 95 (2011)
3.1.9.1 operating humidity range of sample—the range of 6. Hazards
ambient relative humidity of air which passes through the
6.1 Each analyzer installation should be given a thorough
analyzer’s sensing system, over which the monitor will meet 3
safety engineering study.
all performance specifications.
6.2 Electricallytheanalyzersystemaswellastheindividual
3.1.10 operational period—the period of time over which
components shall meet all code requirements for the particular
the analyzer can be expected to operate unattended within
area classification.
specifications.
6.2.1 Allanalyzersusing120-V,a-c,60-Hz,3-wiresystems
3.1.11 operating temperature range of analyzer—the range
should observe proper polarity and should not use mechanical
of ambient temperatures of air surrounding the analyzer, over
adapters for 2-wire outlets.
which the monitor will meet all performance specifications.
6.2.2 The neutral side of the power supply at the analyzer
3.1.11.1 operating temperature range of sample—the range
should be checked to see that it is at ground potential.
of ambient temperatures of air, which passes through the
6.2.3 The analyzer’s ground connection should be checked
analyzer’s sensing system, over which the analyzer will meet
to earth ground for proper continuity.
all performance specifications.
6.2.4 Any analyzer containing electrically heated sections
3.1.12 output—a signal that is related to the measurement,
should have a temperature-limit device.
and intended for connection to a readout or data acquisition
6.2.5 Theanalyzer,andanyrelatedelectricalequipment(the
device. Usually this is an electrical signal expressed as milli-
system), should have a power cut-off switch, and a fuse or
volts or milliamperes full scale at a given impedance.
breaker, on the “hot” side of the line(s) of each device.
3.1.13 precision—see Practice D3670.
6.3 Full consideration must be given to safe disposal of the
3.1.13.1 repeatability—a measure of the precision of the
analyzer’s spent samples and reagents.
analyzer to repeat its results on independent introductions of
6.4 Pressurereliefvalves,ifapplicable,shallbeprovidedto
the same sample at different time intervals. This is that
protect both the analyzer and analyzer system.
differencebetweentwosuchsingleinstrumentresults,obtained
6.5 Precautions should be taken when using cylinders con-
during a stated time interval, that would be exceeded in the
taining gases or liquids under pressure. Helpful guidance may
long run in only one case in twenty when the analyzer is
be obtained from Refs (1-5).
operating normally.
6.5.1 Gascylindersmustbefastenedtoarigidstructureand
3.1.13.2 reproducibility—a measure of the precision of dif-
not exposed to direct sun light or heat.
ferent analyzers to repeat results on the same sample.
6.5.2 Specialsafetyprecautionsshouldbetakenwhenusing
3.1.14 range—the concentration region between the mini-
or storing combustible or toxic gases to ensure that the system
mum and maximum measurable limits.
is safe and free from leaks.
3.1.15 response time—the time interval from a step change
in the input concentration at the analyzer inlet to an output
7. Installation of Analyzer System
reading of 90% of the ultimate reading.
7.1 Assure that information required for installation and
3.1.16 rise time—response time minus lag time.
operation of the analyzer system is supplied by the manufac-
3.1.17 span drift—the change in analyzer output over a
turer.
stated time period, usually 24 h of unadjusted continuous
7.2 Study operational data and design parameters furnished
operation, when the input concentration is at a constant, stated
by the supplier before installation.
upscale value. Span drift is usually expressed as a percentage
change of full scale over a 24-h operational period. 7.3 Review all sample requirements with the equipment
supplier. The supplier must completely understand the appli-
3.1.18 zero drift—the change in analyzer output over a
cation and work closely with the user and installer. It is
statedtimeperiodofunadjustedcontinuousoperationwhenthe
absolutely necessary to define carefully all conditions of
input concentration is zero; usually expressed as a percentage
intended operation, components in the atmosphere to be
change of full scale over a 24-h operational period.
analyzed, and expected variations in sample composition.
4. Summary of Practice 7.4 Choose materials of construction in contact with the
ambient air sample to be analyzed to prevent reaction of
4.1 Aprocedure for ambient air analyzer practices has been
outlined. It presents definitions and terms, sampling
information, calibration techniques, methods for validating
Theuser,equipmentsupplier,andinstallershouldbefamiliarwithrequirements
results, and general comments related to ambient air analyzer
of the National Electrical Code, any local applicable electrical code, U.L. Safety
methodsofanalysis.Thisisintendedtobeacommonreference
Codes, and the Occupational Safety & Health Standards (Federal Register, Vol 36,
No. 105, Part II, May 29, 1971). Helpful guidance may also be obtained fromAPI
method which can be applied to all automatic analyzers in this
RP500,“ClassificationofAreasforElectricalInstallationsinPetroleumRefineries;”
category.
ISA RP12.1, “Electrical Instruments in Hazardous Atmospheres;” ISA RP12.2,
“Intrinsically Safe and Nonincendive Electrical Instruments;” ISARP12.4, “Instru-
5. Significance and Use ment Purging for Reduction of Hazardous Area Classification;” and AP RP550,
“Installation of Refinery Instruments and Control Systems, Part II.”
5.1 Thesignificanceofthispracticeisadequatelycoveredin
The boldface numbers in parentheses may be found in the Reference section at
Section 1. the end of this method.
D3249 − 95 (2011)
materials with the sample, sorption of components from the 8.2.4 Each spot sample must be analyzed in duplicate using
sample, and entrance of contaminants through infusion or the corresponding ASTM test method and the two results
diffusion (6-9). averaged. The standard deviation for the spot sample is
7.4.1 Choose materials of construction and components of calculated as the difference (larger value minus the smaller
theanalyzersystemtowithstandtheenvironmentinwhichitis
value) divided by =2. If this standard deviation exceeds the
installed.
test m
...

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1.2.1 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary-pore filters or cellulose ester (either mixed esters of cellulose or cellulose nitrate) filters through which a known volume of air has been drawn and for blank filters.  
1.3 The upper range of concentrations that can be determined by this test method is 7000 s/mm2. The air concentration represented by this value is a function of the volume of air sampled.  
1.3.1 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers that can be detected. In practice, microscopists vary in their ability to detect very small asbestos fibers. Therefore, a minimum length of 0.5 μm has been defined as the shortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.  
1.4 The direct analytical method cannot be used if the general particulate matter loading of the sample collection filter as analyzed exceeds approximately 10 % coverage of the collection filter by particulate matter.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropri...

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ASTM
ASTM D5953M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Non-methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in Ambient Air Using Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct Flame Ionization Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many regulators, industrial processes, and other stakeholders require determination of NMOC in atmospheres.  
5.2 Accurate measurements of ambient NMOC concentrations are critical in devising air pollution control strategies and in assessing control effectiveness because NMOCs are primary precursors of atmospheric ozone and other oxidants (7, 8).  
5.2.1 The NMOC concentrations typically found at urban sites may range up to 1 ppm C to 3 ppm C or higher. In order to determine transport of precursors into an area monitoring site, measurement of NMOC upwind of the site may be necessary. Rural NMOC concentrations originating from areas free from NMOC sources are likely to be less than a few tenths of 1 ppm C.  
5.3 Conventional test methods based upon gas chromatography and qualitative and quantitative species evaluation are relatively time consuming, sometimes difficult and expensive in staff time and resources, and are not needed when only a measurement of NMOC is desired. The test method described requires only a simple, cryogenic pre-concentration procedure followed by direct detection with an FID. This test method provides a sensitive and accurate measurement of ambient total NMOC concentrations where speciated data are not required. Typical uses of this standard test method are as follows.  
5.4 An application of the test method is the monitoring of the cleanliness of canisters.  
5.5 Another use of the test method is the screening of canister samples prior to analysis.  
5.6 Collection of ambient air samples in pressurized canisters provides the following advantages:  
5.6.1 Convenient collection of integrated ambient samples over a specific time period,  
5.6.2 Capability of remote sampling with subsequent central laboratory analysis,  
5.6.3 Ability to ship and store samples, if necessary,  
5.6.4 Unattended sample collection,  
5.6.5 Analysis of samples from multiple sites with one analytical system,  
5.6.6 Collection of replicate samples for ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 presents a procedure for sampling and determination of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) in ambient, indoor, or workplace atmospheres.  
1.2 This test method describes the collection of integrated whole air samples in silanized or other passivated stainless steel canisters, and their subsequent laboratory analysis.  
1.2.1 This test method describes a procedure for sampling in canisters at final pressures above atmospheric pressure (pressurized sampling).  
1.3 This test method employs a cryogenic trapping procedure for concentration of the NMOC prior to analysis.  
1.4 This test method describes the determination of the NMOC by the flame ionization detection (FID), without the use of gas chromatographic columns and other procedures necessary for species separation.  
1.5 The range of this test method is from 20 ppb C to 10 000 ppb C (1, 2).3  
1.6 This test method has a larger uncertainty for some halogenated or oxygenated hydrocarbons than for simple hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds. This is especially true if there are high concentrations of chlorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons present.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn...

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ASTM
ASTM D8141-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selecting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Emission Testing Methods to Determine Emission Parameters for Modeling of Indoor Environments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Emissions of VOCs are typically controlled by internal mass-transfer limitations (for example, diffusion through the material), while emissions of SVOCs are typically controlled by external mass-transfer limitations (migration through the air immediately above the material). The emission of some chemicals may be controlled by both internal and external mass-transfer limitations. In addition, due to their lower vapor pressure, SVOCs generally adsorb to different media (chamber walls, building materials, particles, and other surfaces) at greater rates than VOCs. This sorption can increase the amount of time required to reach steady-state SVOC concentrations using conventional VOC emission test methods to months for a single test (2).  
4.2 Thus, existing methods for characterizing emissions of VOCs may not be appropriate or practical to properly characterize emission rates of SVOCs for use in modeling SVOC concentrations in indoor environments. A mass-transfer framework is needed to accurately assess emission rates of SVOCs when predicting the SVOC indoor air concentrations in indoor environments. The SVOC mass-transfer framework includes SVOC emission characteristics and its partition to multimedia including sorption to indoor surfaces, airborne particles, and settled dust. Once the SVOC emission parameters and partitioning coefficients have been determined, these values can be used to modeling SVOC indoor concentrations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a foundation for understanding when to use emission testing methods designed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to determine area-specific emission rates that are typically used in modeling indoor air VOC concentrations and when to use emission testing methods designed for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) to determine mass transfer emission parameters that are typically used to model indoor air, dust, and surface SVOC concentrations.  
1.2 This guide discusses how organic chemicals are conventionally categorized with respect to volatility.  
1.3 This guide presents a simplified mass-transfer model describing organic chemical emissions from a material to bulk air. The values of the model parameters are shown to be specific to material/chemical/chamber combinations.  
1.4 This guide shows how to use a mass-transfer model to estimate whether diffusion of the chemical within the material or convective mass transfer of the chemical from the surface of the material to the overlying air limits chemical emissions from the material surface.  
1.5 This guide describes the range of different chambers that are available for emission testing. The chambers are classified as either dynamic or static and either conventional or sandwich. The chambers are categorized as being optimal to determine either the area-specific emission rate or mass-transfer emission parameters.  
1.6 This guide discusses the roles sorption and convective mass-transfer coefficients play in selecting the appropriate emission chamber and analysis method to accurately and efficiently characterize emissions from indoor materials for use in modeling indoor chemical concentrations.  
1.7 This guide recommends when to choose an emission test method that is optimized to determine either the area-specific emission rate or mass-transfer emission parameters. For chemicals where the controlling mass-transfer process is unknown, the guide outlines a procedure to determine if the chemical emission is controlled by convective mass transfer of the chemical from the material.  
1.8 This guide does not provide specific guidance for measuring emission parameters or conducting indoor exposure modeling.  
1.9 Mechanisms controlling emissions from wet and dry materials and products are different. This guide considers the emission of chemicals from dry materials and products. Examples of functional uses of VOCs and SVOCs that this guide applies to include blowing agents, ...

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ASTM
ASTM D5110-22a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calibration of Ozone Monitors and Certification of Ozone Transfer Standards Using Ultraviolet Photometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The reactivity and instability of O3 preclude the storage of O3 concentration standards for any practical length of time, and precludes direct certification of O3 concentrations as Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). Moreover, there is no available SRM that can be readily and directly adapted to the generation of O3 standards analogous to permeation devices and standard gas cylinders for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Dynamic generation of O3 concentrations is relatively easy with a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, accurately certifying an O3 concentration as a primary standard requires assay of the concentration by a comprehensively specified analytical procedure, which must be performed every time a standard is needed (10).  
5.2 This practice is not designed for the routine calibration of O3 monitors at remote locations (see Practices D5011).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a means for calibrating ambient, workplace, or indoor ozone monitors, and for certifying transfer standards to be used for that purpose.  
1.2 This practice describes means by which dynamic streams of ozone in air can be designated as primary ozone standards.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for specific precautionary statements.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8445-22a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated Enclosure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The demand for SPF insulation in homes and commercial buildings has increased as emphasis on energy efficiency increases. In an effort to protect the health and safety of both trade workers and building occupants due to the application of SPF, it is essential that reentry/reoccupancy-times into the structure where SPF has been applied, be established.  
5.2 Concentrations of chemical emissions determined in large-scale ventilated enclosure studies conducted by this practice may be used to generate source emission terms for IAQ models.  
5.3 The emission factors determined using this practice may be used to evaluate comparability and scalability of emission factors determined in other environments.  
5.4 This practice was designed to determine emission factors for chemicals emitted by SPF insulation in a controlled room environment.  
5.5 New or existing formulations may be sprayed, and emissions may be evaluated by this practice. The user of this practice is responsible for ensuring analytical methods are appropriate for novel compounds present in new formulations (see Appendix X1 for target compounds and generic formulations).  
5.6 This practice may be useful for testing variations in emissions from non-ideal applications. Examples of non-ideal applications include those that are off-ratio, applied outside of recommended range of temperature and relative humidity, or applied outside of manufacturer recommendations for thickness.  
5.7 The determined emission factors are not directly applicable to all potential real-world applications of SPF. While this data can be used for VOCs to estimate indoor environmental concentrations beyond three days, the uncertainty in the predicted concentrations increases with increasing time. Estimating longer term chemical concentrations (beyond three days) for SVOCs is not recommended unless additional data (beyond this practice) is used, see (1).4  
5.8 During the application of SPF, chemicals deposited on the non-applie...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the chemical emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation samples in a large-scale ventilated enclosure.  
1.2 This practice is used to identify emission rates and factors during SPF application and up to three days following application.  
1.3 This practice can be used to generate emissions data for research activities or modeled for the purpose to inform potential reentry and reoccupancy times. Potential reentry and re-occupancy times only apply to the applications that meet manufacturer guidelines and are specific to the tested formulation.  
1.4 This practice describes emission testing at ambient room and substrate temperature and relative humidity conditions recognizing chemical emissions may differ at different room and substrate temperatures and relative humidity.  
1.5 This practice does not address all SPF chemical emissions. This practice addresses specific chemical compounds of potential health and regulatory concern including methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (MDI oligomeric polyisocyanates mixture), flame retardants, aldehydes, and VOCs including blowing agents, and catalysts. Although specific chemicals are discussed in this practice, other chemical compounds of interest can be quantified (see target compound and generic formulation list in Appendix X1). Other chemical compounds used in SPF such as polyols, emulsifiers, and surfactants are not addressed by this practice. Particulate sizing and distribution are also outside the scope of this practice.  
1.6 Emission rates during application are determined from air phase concentration measurements that may include particle bound chemicals. SVOC deposition to floors and ceilings is also quantified for post application modeling inputs. SVOC emission rates should only be used for modeling purposes for the durati...

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ASTM
ASTM D8407-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measurement Techniques for Formaldehyde in Air

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The objective of this guide is to provide the user with an information base on commercially available instruments and technologies that can be used to measure indoor air formaldehyde concentrations.  
5.2 This guide is intended as a repository for formaldehyde measurement technologies that other approved ASTM methods can reference to meet ASTM indoor air formaldehyde quantification needs.  
5.3 This guide does not discuss the equivalency of the technologies presented. Each technology may have positive or negative interferences that are unique to that technology. When using a new method, equivalence with old methods should be demonstrated for each matrix, measuring environment and media (that is, each type of wood for formaldehyde emission testing in chamber environments). This is especially true when the method is intended to generate regulatory compliance data. Demonstrating equivalence or compliance, or both, is beyond the scope of this method. For guidance equivalence see references such as 40 CFR § 136.6 and CEN Guide to the Demonstration of Equivalence of Ambient Air Monitoring Methods (1).5
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes analytical methods for determining formaldehyde concentrations in air.  
1.2 The guide is primarily focused on formaldehyde measurement technologies applicable to indoor (including in vehicle and workplace) air and associated environments (that is, chambers or bags, or both, used for formaldehyde emission testing). The described technologies may be applicable to other environments (ambient outdoor).  
1.3 This guide reviews a range of commercially available technologies that can be used to measure indoor air formaldehyde concentrations. These technologies typically can measure airborne formaldehyde concentrations with detection limits in the range of 0.04 ppbv (0.05 µg m-3) to 10 ppbv (12 µg m-3). The described technologies are typically applied to research or regulatory applications and not consumer level uses.  
1.4 This guide describes the principles behind each method and their advantages and limitations.  
1.5 This guide does not attempt to differentiate between the effectiveness of the methods nor determine equivalence of the methods.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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