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ASTM B213-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel

Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and uniformity of compacted parts.  
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of interparticle friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow is slowed. Fine powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of Test Method B964, a meaningful flow rate may be determined, providing specific information for certain applications.  
5.3 Test Method B213, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel, is the preferred method for determining the flowability of metal powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter funnel of Method B964 should only be used when powder will not flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.  
5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet or moist powders may not flow.  
5.5 These test methods are based on flow of a specified mass of powder. If flow of a specific volume of powder is preferred, Test Method B855 may be used for powders that flow readily through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.  
5.6 This test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM) part producers, or it can be an internal quality control test by either the producer or the end user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate, by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.  
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only, and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2013
ICS
77.160 - Powder metallurgy
Technical Committee
B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
Drafting Committee
B09.02 - Base Metal Powders
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B213-11 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3055-14a(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3456-22 - Standard Guide for Powder Reuse Schema in Powder Bed Fusion Processes for Medical Applications for Additive Manufacturing Feedstock Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3184-16 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Stainless Steel Alloy (UNS S31603) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM B964-23 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM B855-22 - Standard Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3607-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Maraging Steel via Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3049-14(2021) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3056-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM F2924-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion
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01-Apr-2013

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ASTM B213-13 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter FunnelASTM B213-13 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
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REDLINE ASTM B213-13 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter FunnelREDLINE ASTM B213-13 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
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REDLINE ASTM B213-13 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B213 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter
1
Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate, 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and can be found in Terminology B243.
powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel. 3.2.1 Hall flow rate (FR ), n—the time required for a metal
H
powder sample of specified mass to flow through the orifice in
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the
a Hall Flowmeter funnel according to a specified procedure.
mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
3
per cubic centimeter (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-
4. Summary of Test Method
standingindustrypractice,thevaluesininch-poundunitsareto
4.1 Aweighed mass (50.0 g) of metal powder is timed as it
be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
flowsthroughthecalibratedorificeofaHallFlowmeterfunnel.
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only, and are not considered standard. 5. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- uniformity of compacted parts.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
interparticle friction.As interparticle friction increases, flow is
slowed. Fine powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine
2. Referenced Documents
powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
through the Hall Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy Test Method B964, a meaningful flow rate may be determined,
B855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal
providing specific information for certain applications.
Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter
5.3 Test Method B213, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel, is
Funnel
the preferred method for determining the flowability of metal
B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter funnel
the Carney Funnel
of Method B964 should only be used when powder will not
flow through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
or moist powders may not flow.
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of B09.02 on
Base Metal Powders.
5.5 Thesetestmethodsarebasedonflowofaspecifiedmass
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
of powder. If flow of a specific volume of powder is preferred,
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B213 – 11. DOI:
Test Method B855 may be used for powders that flow readily
10.1520/B0213-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.6 This test method may be part of the purchase agreement
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. between powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B213 − 13
FIG. 2 Stand
Calibration with emery, as specified in Section 9, determines
the working flow rate of the funnel.
3
6.3 Stand —A stand (Fig. 2) to support the powder flow-
meter funnel.
6.4 Workbench—A level, vibration free table or workbench
to support the powder flowmeter stand.
6.5 Timing Device—A stopwatch or other suitable device
capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 s.
3
6.6 Chinese Emery —An em
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B213 − 11 B213 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter
1
Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a flow rate, by the use of the Hall Flowmeter funnel of metal powders and
powder mixtures. It is suitable only for those powders that will flow unaided through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic
3
centimeter (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the longstandinglong-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information
only, and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 Hall flow rate (FR ), n—the time required for a metal powder sample of specified mass to flow through the orifice in a
H
Hall Flowmeter funnel according to a specified procedure.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed mass (50.0 g) of metal powder is timed as it flows through the calibrated orifice of a Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and
uniformity of compacted parts.
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of interparticle friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow is slowed. Fine
powders may not flow. Some powders, often fine powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow through the Hall
Flowmeter funnel. Nevertheless, if a larger orifice is provided, such as in the Carney Flowmeter funnel of Test Method B964B964,,
a meaningful flow rate may be determined, providing specific information for certain applications.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of B09.02 on Base
Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011April 1, 2013. Published December 2011June 2013. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20032011 as
B213 – 03.B213 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/B0213-11.10.1520/B0213-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B213 − 13
5.3 Test Method B213B213,, using the Hall Flowmeter funnel, is the preferred method for determining the flowability of metal
powders and powder mixtures. The Carney Flowmeter funnel of Method B964 should only be used when powder will not flow
through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet or moist powders may not flow.
5.5 These test methods are based on flow of a specified mass of powder. If flow of a specific volume of powder is preferred,
Test Method B855 may be used for powders that flow readily through the Hall Flowmeter funnel.
5.6 This test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM) part
produce
...

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1.2 This is a non-destructive quantitative test performed in the laboratory.  
1.3 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only, and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B963-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oil content values are generally contained in specifications for oil-impregnated PM bearings.  
5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indication of how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.  
5.3 The desired self-lubricating performance of PM bearings requires a minimum amount of surface-connected porosity and satisfactory oil impregnation of the surface-connected porosity. A minimum oil content is specified.  
5.4 The results from these test methods may be used for quality control or compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated powder metallurgy products.  
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained in the material.  
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-impregnation process.  
1.1.3 Determination of the percent surface-connected porosity by oil impregnation.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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