ASTM E566-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current/Magnetic Induction) Sorting of Ferrous Metals
Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current/Magnetic Induction) Sorting of Ferrous Metals
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Absolute and comparative methods provide a means for sorting large quantities of ferrous parts of stock with regard to composition, condition, structure, or processing, or a combination thereof.
5.2 The comparative or two-coil method is used when high-sensitivity testing is required. The advantage of this method is that it almost completely suppresses all internal or external disturbances such as temperature variations or stray magnetic fields, provided both the coils and both the reference parts are exposed to the same conditions which are not of relevance.
5.3 The ability to accomplish satisfactorily these types of separations is dependent upon the relation of the magnetic characteristics of the ferromagnetic parts to their physical condition.
5.4 These methods may be used for high-speed sorting in a fully automated setup where the speed of testing may approach ten specimens per second depending on their size and shape.
5.5 The success of sorting ferromagnetic material depends mainly on the proper selection of magnetic field strength and frequency of signal in the test coil, fill factor, and variables present in the sample.
5.6 The degree of accuracy of a sort will be affected greatly by the coupling between the test coil field and the test specimen and the accuracy with which the specimen is held in the test coil field during the measuring period. Testing with harmonics can, to a large extent, reduce the sensitivity to accuracy of location.
5.7 When high currents are used in the test coil, a means should be provided to maintain a constant temperature of the reference standard in order to minimize measurement drift.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for sorting ferrous metals using the electromagnetic (eddy current/magnetic induction) method. The procedure relates to instruments using absolute or comparator-type coils for distinguishing variations in mass, shape, conductivity, permeability, and other variables such as hardness and alloy that affect the electromagnetic or magnetic properties of the material. The selection of reference standards to determine sorting feasibility and to establish standards is also included.2
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E566 − 19
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy Current/Magnetic Induction) Sorting
1
of Ferrous Metals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
4
2.2 ASNT Documents:
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for sorting ferrous
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
metals using the electromagnetic (eddy current/magnetic in-
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
duction) method. The procedure relates to instruments using
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
absolute or comparator-type coils for distinguishing variations
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
in mass, shape, conductivity, permeability, and other variables
5
2.3 AIA Standard:
such as hardness and alloy that affect the electromagnetic or
NAS-410 Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive
magnetic properties of the material. The selection of reference
Testing Personnel
standards to determine sorting feasibility and to establish
6
2
standards is also included. 2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 9712 Non-Destructive Testing – Qualification and Cer-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tification of NDT Personnel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic ex-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
amination may be found in Terminology E1316, Section C:
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
Electromagnetic Testing.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Summary of Practice
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4.1 The techniques that are primarily used in electromag-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. netic sorting employ the absolute (single-) or comparative
(two-) coil methods. The decision of whether to use single-coil
2. Referenced Documents
or two-coil operation is usually determined by empirical data.
3
In the absolute-coil method, the equipment is standardized by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
placing standards of known properties in the test coil. The
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
value of the tested parameter (for instance, hardness, alloy, or
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
heattreatment)couldbereadonthescaleofanindicatororany
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
other display. In the comparative-coil method, the test speci-
Lot or Process
men is compared with a reference standard and the indication
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
tells whether the test specimen is within or outside of the
Testing
required limits. These limits are defined by the user based on
the application and requirement.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
4.1.1 Absolute Coil Method—A reference standard is in-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
serted in the test coil, and the controls of the instrument are
Electromagnetic Method.
adjusted to obtain an indication. The method is then continued
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E566 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/E0566-19.
2 4
General information can be found in the Nondestructive Testing Handbook, AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
(Second Edition), Vol IV: Electromagnetic Testing, Society for Nondestructive 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
Testing, 1986. Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
6
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E566 − 14 E566 − 19
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Current/Magnetic Induction)
1
Sorting of Ferrous Metals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for sorting ferrous metals using the electromagnetic (eddy current) current/magnetic
induction) method. The procedure relates to instruments using absolute or comparator-type coils for distinguishing variations in
mass, shape, conductivity, permeability, and other variables such as hardness and alloy that affect the electromagnetic or magnetic
properties of the material. The selection of reference standards to determine sorting feasibility and to establish standards is also
2
included.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
4
2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
5
2.3 AIA Standard:
NAS-410 Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
6
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 9712 Non-Destructive Testing – Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic examination may be found in Terminology E1316, Section C:
Electromagnetic Testing.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014Feb. 1, 2019. Published July 2014March 2019. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
E566 - 09.E566 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0566-14.10.1520/E0566-19.
2
General information can be found in the Nondestructive Testing Handbook, (Second Edition), Vol IV: Electromagnetic Testing, Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1986.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
6
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E566 − 19
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The techniques that are primarily used in electromagnetic sorting employ the absolute (single-) andor comparative (two-)
coil methods. The decision of whether to use single-coil or two-coil operation is usually determined by empirical data. In the
absolute-coil method, the equipment is standardized by placing standards of known properties in the test coil. The value of the
te
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.