ASTM E1732-24
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have application to forensic practice.
3.1.1 For ASTM International standards, the standard designation is followed by a dash and a two-digit year designation in bold type, for example, E2161 - 19. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken, not necessarily the current year of publication of the standard.
3.1.2 Citations from other than ASTM International standards may include an abbreviation and the standard number followed by a four-digit year designation in bold type, for example, ISO 9000:2015. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken. Such standards may also be referenced by a name followed by a year designation, for example, IUPAC Gold Book 2020 (1).5 Abbreviations are detailed under, “All terms sourced from other standards than Committee E30 standards are listed in Section 2.”
3.1.3 For entries followed simply by a reference, for example, ISO 9000:2015 or E456 - 17, the reader can assume that the entry is accurately copied from the reference with no modifications except for ASTM International format conventions. For entries that are slightly modified versions of something from a known source, reference citations read, “Based upon definition by…” Following the “by” is the source name and year that the entry was taken or modified. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the terminology.
3.1.4 For entries from textbooks, a reference following the entry has the name or title of the text, author(s), edition (if applicable), and the year of publication or copyright.
3.1.5 An entry could have a definition of a term with one reference, and the discussion following the definition has a different reference.
3.1.6 Citations from Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary (2) include the date retrieved from the online dictionary and the URL of the cited term and definition.
3.1.7 Each defin...
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all terms used by Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences.
1.1.1 This terminology consists mostly of definitions that are specific to forensic science and forensic practice. Meanings of the same terms used outside of forensic practice can be found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The specific E30 subcommittee (SC) that has responsibility for each term is the first attribution noted, in square brackets, after the definition. The designation of the standard(s) in which the terms appear is given after the subcommittee. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without approval per the Committee E30 Bylaws. Users of this compilation should also review any SC terminology standard for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC.
1.2 This terminology is a tool for managing the committee’s terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies in which two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1732 − 24
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Forensic Science
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all terms used by
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences.
E860 Practice for Examining and Preparing Items That Are
1.1.1 This terminology consists mostly of definitions that
or May Become Involved in Criminal or Civil Litigation
are specific to forensic science and forensic practice. Meanings
E1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment
of the same terms used outside of forensic practice can be
3
(Withdrawn 2006)
found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage.
E1301 Guide for Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory
1.1.2 The specific E30 subcommittee (SC) that has respon-
3
Comparisons (Withdrawn 2012)
sibility for each term is the first attribution noted, in square
E1388 Practice for Static Headspace Sampling of Vapors
brackets, after the definition. The designation of the standard(s)
from Fire Debris Samples
in which the terms appear is given after the subcommittee. The
E1412 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
wording of an entry cannot be changed without approval per
from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concen-
the Committee E30 Bylaws. Users of this compilation should
tration with Activated Charcoal
also review any SC terminology standard for more details or
E1413 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC.
from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Con-
1.2 This terminology is a tool for managing the committee’s
centration onto an Adsorbent Tube
terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing
E1588 Practice for Gunshot Residue Analysis by Scanning
redundancies in which two or more terms relating the same
Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrom-
concept are defined in different words.
etry
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1610 Guide for Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E1618 Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Spectrometry
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. E1968 Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analy-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
sis for Cocaine
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- E1969 Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analy-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sis for Methamphetamine and Amphetamine
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- E2125 Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analy-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sis for Phencyclidine and Its Analogues
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. E2154 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-
able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Pas-
2. Referenced Documents
sive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microex-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: traction (SPME)
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy E2161 Terminology Relating to Performance Validation in
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E2224 Guide for Forensic Analysis of Fibers by Infrared
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on
Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92 on Spectroscopy
Terminology.
E2225 Guide for Forensic Examination of Fabrics and Cord-
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally
age
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as E1732 – 22. DOI:
E2227 Guide for Forensic Examination of Dyes in Textile
10.1520/E1732-24.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1732 − 22 E1732 − 24
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Forensic Science
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions of terms used in the forensic sciences.
1.2 Legal and scientific and terms in common use that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available
sources may not be included, except when dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions
recommended for forensic science use.
1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple areas of forensic science, whereas, the subsequent sections define terms
pertaining to specific forensic science areas, as follows:
Section A: General (Common) Forensic Science Terms
The terms defined in Section A are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92, Terminology.
Section B: Criminalistics
The terms defined in Section B are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01, Criminalistics.
Section B1: Terms for Seized Drug Analysis
Section B2: Terms for Gunshot Residue (GSR) Analysis and Smokeless Powder Analysis
Section B3: Terms for Paint Analysis
Section B4: Terms for Textile, Fiber, Cord, and Tape Examination
Section B5: Terms for Glass Examination
Section B6: Terms for Fire Debris
Section C: Digital and Multimedia Evidence
The terms defined in Section C are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.12, Digital and Multimedia Evidence.
Section C1: Terms for Computer Forensics
Section C2: Terms for Digital Image Processing and Multimedia Evidence Examination
Section C3: Terms for Magnetic Card Reader Examination
Section C4: Terms for Facial Image Examination
Section D: Interdisciplinary
The terms defined in Section D are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.11, Interdisciplinary Forensic Science Standards.
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92 on Terminology.
Current edition approved April 1, 2022Feb. 1, 2024. Published April 2022March 2024. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20192022 as
ɛ1
E1732 – 19E1732 – 22. . DOI: 10.1520/E1732-22.10.1520/E1732-24.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1732 − 24
Section E: Questioned Documents
The terms defined in Section E were formerly the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.02, Questioned Documents, and are currently the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90, Executive Committee.
1.4 Entries listed in Sections B–E reflect only those existing in Committee E30 standards current with the date of a once yearly
review of Committee E30 standards. Changes to standards or entries following this date will appear in Sections B–E after the
following year’s review date.
1.1 An alphabetical list of the terms defined in this standard is given in This terminology is the compilation of all terms used by
Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences.Appendix X1, which also identifies the section(s) in which each term is defined.
1.1.1 This terminology consists mostly of definitions that are specific to forensic science and forensic practice. Meanings of the
same terms used outside of forensic practice can be found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The specific E30 subcommittee (SC) that has responsibility for each term is the first attribution noted, in square brackets,
after the definition. The designation of the standard(s) in which the terms appear is given after the subcommittee. The wording of
an entry cannot be changed without approval per the Committee E30 Bylaws. Users of this compilation should also review any
SC terminology standard for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC.
1.2 Definitions identical to those published by another standards-developing organization or ASTM committee are identified with
the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for example, ASME is the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This terminology is a tool for managing the committee’s term
...
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