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ASTM D2645-95

(Specification)

Standard Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems

Standard Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems

SCOPE
1.1 These tolerances are applicable to all yarns spun on the cotton or the worsted system, either carded or combed, and composed of any fiber or mixture of fibers, except cotton tire cords and novelty or fancy yarns.
1.2 These tolerances are applicable only to yarns taken from packages, and not to yarns taken from greige or processed fabrics.
Note 1--For tolerances for other spun yarns, see Tolerances D2644, Methods D179 and D738, and Specifications D541 and D681.
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2645-95(2001) - Standard Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D2255/D2255M-09(2020)e1 - Standard Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns for Appearance
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D2645-95 - Standard Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted SystemsASTM D2645-95 - Standard Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems
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ASTM D2645-95 - Standard Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2645 – 95
Standard Tolerances for
Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D 2644 Tolerances for Yarn Spun on the Woolen System
1.1 These tolerances are applicable to all yarns spun on the
D 2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of
cotton or the worsted system, either carded or combed, and
Yarn or Man-Made Staple Fiber or Tow
composed of any fiber or mixture of fibers, except cotton tire
cords and novelty or fancy yarns.
3. Terminology
1.2 These tolerances are applicable only to yarns taken from
3.1 Definitions:
packages, and not to yarns taken from greige or processed
3.1.1 cotton system, n—a spinning system adapted to fibers
fabrics.
less than 65 mm (2.5 in.) in length.
NOTE 1—For tolerances for other spun yarns, see Tolerances D 2644,
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This system usually employs flat-top
Methods D 179 and D 738, and Specifications D 541 and D 681.
cards and may use roller and other drafting assemblies on
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
intermediate processes and spinning machines.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 tolerances, n—in mathematics, prescribed limits of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
variation for specified properties of a particular material based
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
on observed values obtained by specified test methods and on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
samples that are representative of the material.
3.1.3 worsted system, n—a spinning system adapted to
2. Referenced Documents
fibers 50 to 225 mm (2 to 9 in.) in length.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3.1 Discussion—This system employs roller-top cards,
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
pin drafters, or gills, and widely spaced roller drafting assem-
D 179 Methods for Testing Tire Cords and Cord Fabrics
blies on roving and spinning frames. Wool yarns spun on the
Made from Cotton
worsted system are usually combed; worsted-spun man-made
D 541 Specification for Single Jute Yarn
fiber yarns are not combed.
D 681 Specification for Jute Rove and Piled Yarn for
3.1.4 For definitions of worsted-spun yarns and other terms
Electrical and Packing Purposes
used in these tolerances, refer to Terminology D 123.
D 738 Methods for Rope Made from Bast and Leaf Fibers
4. Sampling
D 1422 Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarns by the
Untwist-Retwist Method
4.1 Take samples as directed in the applicable material
D 1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by the Direct-
specification, or in the absence of specifications, proceed as
Counting Method
directed in Practice D 2258.
D 1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Skeins
5. Tolerances
D 1907 Test Method for Yarn Number by the Skein
Method
5.1 Strength—The average breaking force of each lot shall
D 2255 Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns for Appear- be equal to or greater than the specified minimum.
ance
5.2 Yarn Number:
D 2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the 5.2.1 The average yarn number of yarns spun on cotton
Single-Strand Method
system or the worsted system shall conform to the limits:
D 2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles specified value6 4.0 % of the specified value.
5.3 Twist:
5.3.1 The direction of twist in each package or end shall be
These tolerances are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
S or Z, as specified.
Textiles, and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test
5.3.2 In all cotton-system yarns except single yarns made of
Methods, General.
Current edition approved May 15, 1995. Published July 1995. Originally
cotton, the average twist shall conform to the limits: specified
published as D 2645 – 67 T. Last previous edition D 2645 – 85 (1990).
value 6 5.0 % of the specified value. In single cotton yarns,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
including the single yarn components of plied cotton yarns, the
Discontinued, see 1974 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 32.
Discontinued, see 1971 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 25. average twist shall conform to the limits: specified value 6
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2645
10.0 % of the specified value. In yarns spun on the worsted Test Method D 1578, or Test Method D 2256, as agreed or
system the average twist shall conform to the limits: specified specified.
value 6 7.5 % of the specified value.
...

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SCOPE
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1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

  • Standard
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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D6134/D6134M-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Vulcanized Rubber Sheets Used in Waterproofing Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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