ASTM D4724/D4724M-21

Standard Test Method for Entanglements in Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Option 1 of this test method is for the determination of the degree of filament yarn entanglement, as measured instrumentally. It is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared statistically. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when the supply of yarn is limited.  
5.3 The instrumental option of this test method, Option 1, is based on the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn; therefore, the distance measured between the point of insertion of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which an entanglement is encountered, by movement of the yarn or the pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is representative of the distance between two entanglements at some location in the yarn.  
5.4 Entanglements are used frequently instead of twist to ensure the integrity of filament yarns. Such entanglements generally give somewhat less protection during weaving or knitting than twist, but with proper care, will perform quite satisfactorily.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measurement of entanglements in filament yarns using needle insertion options for instrument (Option 1) (Option 2) techniques.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2020
• ICS: 59.080.20 - Yarns
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4724/D4724M − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Entanglements in Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4724/D4724M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
entanglement, filament yarn.
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measure-
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
ment of entanglements in filament yarns using needle insertion
method, refer to Terminology D123.
options for instrument (Option 1) (Option 2) techniques.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4. Summary of Test Method
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for that
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
option.
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
used independently of the other, and values from the two
5. Significance and Use
systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 Option 1 of this test method is for the determination of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the degree of filament yarn entanglement, as measured instru-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- mentally. It is used for acceptance testing of commercial
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
shipments; however, caution is advised because information on
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tween the reported test results for two or more laboratories,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used
for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as
2. Referenced Documents
possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples
2
that results in disparate results during initial testing, and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
fabrics with established test values may be used for this
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
be compared statistically. If a bias is found, either its cause
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
must be found and corrected or future test results must be
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
3. Terminology
5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when
3.1 Definitions:
the supply of yarn is limited.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to yarns and fibers,
refer to Terminology D4849.
5.3 The instrumental option of this test method, Option 1, is
based on the total randomization of the entanglements in the
yarn; therefore, the distance measured between the point of
1 insertion of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
which an entanglement is encountered, by movement of the
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally
yarn or the pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D4724–20. DOI:
representative of the distance between two entanglements at
10.1520/D4724_D4724M-21.
2
some location in the yarn.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 Entanglements are used frequently instead of twist to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ensure the integrity of filament yarns. Such enta
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4724/D4724M − 20 D4724/D4724M − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Entanglements in Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4724/D4724M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measurement of entanglements in filament yarns using needle insertion options
for instrument (Option 1) (Option 2) techniques.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to yarns and fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: entanglement, filament yarn.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for that option.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved April 1, 2020Jan. 1, 2021. Published June 2020January 2021. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20112020 as
D4724–11.–20. DOI: 10.1520/D4724_D4724M-20.10.1520/D4724_D4724M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4724/D4724M − 21
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Option 1 of this test method is for the determination of the degree of filament yarn entanglement, as measured instrumentally.
It is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information on between-laboratory
precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative
tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same
lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved
should be compared statistically. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results must be
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when the supply of yarn is limited.
5.3 The instrumental option of this test method, Option 1, is based on the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn;
therefore, the distance measured between the point of insert
...