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ASTM D4974-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven

Standard Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shrinkage of yarns and cords when exposed in a thermal shrinkage oven.
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns and cords made of nylon, polyester, and other polymers not detrimentally affected by the temperature used and with linear densities in the range from 20 to 700 tex (180 to 6300 denier).
1.2.1 Yarns or cords for testing may be taken from yarn or cord packages or from fabrics.
1.3 This test method shows values in both SI and inch-pound units. SI is the technically correct name for the system of units known as the International System of Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values stated in either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other, without combining values in any way. Referee decisions are to use SI units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
59.080.50 - Ropes
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4974-02 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D4974-04(2011) - Standard Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011

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ASTM D4974-04 - Standard Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage OvenASTM D4974-04 - Standard Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
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ASTM D4974-04 - Standard Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4974–04
Standard Test Method for
Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a
1
Thermal Shrinkage Oven
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire,
Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shrinkage
of yarns and cords when exposed in a thermal shrinkage oven.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns and cords made
3.1 Definitions:
of nylon, polyester, and other polymers not detrimentally
3.2 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire,
affectedbythetemperatureusedandwithlineardensitiesinthe
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
range from 20 to 700 tex (180 to 6300 denier).
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
1.2.1 Yarns or cords for testing may be taken from yarn or
greige cord, in tire cords, standard atmosphere for testing
cord packages or from fabrics.
textiles, thermal shrinkage, tire cord.
1.3 This test method shows values in both SI and inch-
3.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to
pound units. SI is the technically correct name for the system
Terminology D123.
of units known as the International System of Units. Inch-
3.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
pound units is the technically correct name for the customary
yarn.
units used in the United States. The values stated in either
acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded
4. Summary of Test Method
separately as standard. The values expressed in each system
4.1 A relaxed, conditioned specimen of yarn or cord is
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be
subjected to dry heat for a specified time while under a
used independently of each other, without combining values in
specified tension. The percent shrinkage is read directly from a
any way. Referee decisions are to use SI units.
scale or display on the instrument while the specimen is still
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
under tension and exposed to heat.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
of commercial shipments of yarns and cords. Caution is
statements are given in Section 8.
advised because yarn and cord may contract in length over a
period of time due to room temperature retraction. Thermal
2. Referenced Documents
shrinkage values are reduced proportionately by the amount of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
room temperature retraction.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
NOTE 1—Experience, especially with nylon, shows that yarn retraction,
which may be observed directly as shortening of length (or indirectly as
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
denier increase), will occur in unrestrained yarn or cord that is not at
Organic-Base Fibers
equilibrium (equilibrium in this case being defined as essentially zero
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
thermal shrinkage yarn or fully relaxed yarn). Normally, retractive forces
are present in most wound packages of yarn and cord; thus, unrestrained
yarnnearthesurfaceislikely,withtime,toundergosomeretraction.After
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
retraction, such yarns exhibit lower thermal shrinkage values than yarn or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics.
cord deeper within the package. The opposite condition of yarn on the
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
surface exists with yarn or cord wound against or near a rigid package
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4974–02. DOI:
core, such as a metal or hardwood wind-up spool. Such core yarn or cord
10.1520/D4974-04.
2 cannotmoveagainstthisrestraint,andthus,willexhibitthermalshrinkage
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
values even several weeks later near to those which were measured
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
immediately from the surface of the freshly wound package. Elevated
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
...

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5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords. Caution is advised because yarn and cord may contract in length over a period of time due to room temperature retraction. Thermal shrinkage values are reduced proportionately by the amount of room temperature retraction.
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5.1.1 In case of differences of practical significance in reported test results from two or more laboratories conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between them. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the invest...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shrinkage of yarns and cords when exposed in a thermal shrinkage oven.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns and cords made of nylon, polyester, and other polymers not detrimentally affected by the temperature used and with linear densities in the range from 20 to 700 tex [180 to 6300 denier].  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.  
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Standard Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven

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5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords. Caution is advised because yarn and cord may contract in length over a period of time due to room temperature retraction. Thermal shrinkage values are reduced proportionately by the amount of room temperature retraction.
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