ASTM D2158-21

Standard Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Control over the residue content (required by Specification D1835) is of considerable importance in end-use applications of LPG. In liquid feed systems, residues can lead to troublesome deposits and, in vapor withdrawal systems, residues that are carried over can foul regulating equipment. Residues that remain in vapor-withdrawal systems will accumulate, can be corrosive, and will contaminate subsequent product. Water, particularly if alkaline, can cause failure of regulating equipment and corrosion of metals.  
5.2 See Appendix X2 for information on the effect of temperature on the measurement of residue in LPG.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of extraneous materials weathering above 38 °C that are present in liquefied petroleum gases. The extraneous materials will generally be dissolved in the LPG, but may have phase-separated in some instances.  
1.2 Liquefied petroleum gases that contain certain anti-icing additives can give erroneous results by this test method.  
1.3 Although this test method has been used to verify cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for many years, it might not be sensitive enough to protect some equipment from operational problems or increased maintenance. A more sensitive test, able to detect lower levels of dissolved contaminants, could be required for some applications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2021
• ICS: 75.160.30 - Gaseous fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.H0 - Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2158 −21
Standard Test Method for
1
Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D96Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by
3
Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure) (Withdrawn 2000)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of extraneous
D1796Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
materials weathering above 38°C that are present in liquefied
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
petroleum gases. The extraneous materials will generally be
D1835Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
dissolved in the LPG, but may have phase-separated in some
D7756Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum
instances.
(LP) Gases by Gas Chromatography with Liquid, On-
1.2 Liquefiedpetroleumgasesthatcontaincertainanti-icing
Column Injection
additives can give erroneous results by this test method.
E1137SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher-
mometers
1.3 Although this test method has been used to verify
cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
many years, it might not be sensitive enough to protect some
equipment from operational problems or increased mainte- E2877Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
nance. A more sensitive test, able to detect lower levels of
2.2 Other Standards:
dissolved contaminants, could be required for some applica-
EN 15470Liquefied petroleum gases – Determination of
tions.
dissolved residues – High temperature gas chromato-
4
graphic method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
EN 15471Liquefied petroleum gases – Determination of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
dissolved residues – High temperature gravimetric
standard.
4
method
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
EN 16423Liquefied petroleum gases – Determination of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dissolved residue – Gas chromatographic method using
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
liquid, on-column injection
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
EN ISO 6246Petroleum products – Gum content of fuels –
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5
Jet evaporation method
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
ISO 13757Liquefied petroleum gases – Determination of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5
oily residues – High-temperature method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.1 oil stain observation, n—the volume of solvent-
residue mixture required to yield an oil stain or ring that
2. Referenced Documents
persists for 2min under specified conditions on absorbent
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
paper.
3.1.2 residue, n—the volume, measured to the nearest
0.05mL, of the residual material boiling above 38°C resulting
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
3
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2021.PublishedJuly2021.Originallyapproved The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
ɛ1
in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2158–16a . DOI: 10.1520/ www.astm.org.
4
D2158-21. Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
the ASTM website. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United State
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2158 − 16a D2158 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The IP designation was removed editorially in February 2018.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of extraneous materials weathering above 38 °C that are present in liquefied
petroleum gases. The extraneous materials will generally be dissolved in the LPG, but may have phase-separated in some instances.
1.2 Liquefied petroleum gases that contain certain anti-icing additives can give erroneous results by this test method.
1.3 Although this test method has been used to verify cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for many years, it
might not be sensitive enough to protect some equipment from operational problems or increased maintenance. A more sensitive
test, able to detect lower levels of dissolved contaminants, could be required for some applications.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D96 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure) (Withdrawn 2000)
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D7756 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases by Gas Chromatography with Liquid, On-Column Injection
E1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016July 1, 2021. Published January 2017July 2021. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
ɛ1
D2158 – 16.D2158 – 16a . DOI: 10.1520/D2158-16AE01.10.1520/D2158-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2158 − 21
2.2 Other Standards:
4
EN 15470 Liquefied petroleum gases – Determination of dissolved residues – High temperature gas chromatographic method
4
EN 15471 Liquefied petroleum gases – Determination of dissolved residues – High temperature gravimetric method
EN 16423 Liquefied petroleum gases – Determination of dissolved residue – Gas chromatographic method using liquid,
4
on-column injection
5
EN ISO 6246 Petroleum products – Gum content of fuels – Jet evaporation method
5
ISO 13757 Liquefied petroleum gases – Determination of oily residues – High-temperature method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 oil stain observation, n—the volume of solvent-residue mixture required to yield an oil stain or ring that persists for 2 min
under specified conditions on absorbent paper.
3.1.2 residue, n—the volume, measured to the nearest 0.05 mL, of the resid
...