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ASTM F377-03(2022)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calibration of Braking/Tractive Measuring Devices for Testing Tires

Standard Practice for Calibration of Braking/Tractive Measuring Devices for Testing Tires

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Calibration is essential in the use of various test platforms and devices to insure that the test results generated by these test devices are accurate, repeatable and meaningful. This standard gives the necessary instructions for the calibration of all of the test devices cited in the Scope.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice gives procedures for the calibration of:
reference load cells
calibration platform systems by using a reference load cell
static calibration of braking/tractive force on locked wheels of tire test trailers, instrumented vehicles, and laboratory tire testing machines by using the calibration platform system as a calibration fixture.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2022
ICS
43.040.40 - Braking systems
Technical Committee
F09 - Tires
Drafting Committee
F09.10 - Equipment, Facilities and Calibration
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E74-13a - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Refers
ASTM E74-13 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Mar-2013
Refers
ASTM E74-12 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Refers
ASTM F538-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
Effective Date
15-Jun-2009
Refers
ASTM E74-06 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Refers
ASTM E74-04 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Refers
ASTM F538-03 - Standard Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Refers
ASTM E74-01 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Effective Date
05-Apr-2002
Refers
ASTM E74-00a - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Effective Date
05-Apr-2002
Refers
ASTM E74-02 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Effective Date
05-Apr-2002
Refers
ASTM F538-99 - Standard Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999

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ASTM F377-03(2022) - Standard Practice for Calibration of Braking/Tractive Measuring Devices for Testing TiresASTM F377-03(2022) - Standard Practice for Calibration of Braking/Tractive Measuring Devices for Testing Tires
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ASTM F377-03(2022) - Standard Practice for Calibration of Braking/Tractive Measuring Devices for Testing Tires
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F377 − 03 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Calibration of Braking/Tractive Measuring Devices for
Testing Tires
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF377;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 bias, n—the difference between the average measured
test result and the accepted reference value; it measures in an
1.1 This practice gives procedures for the calibration of:
inverse manner the accuracy of a test.
reference load cells
3.1.2 longitudinal force, [F], of a tire, n—the component of
calibration platform systems by using a reference load cell
the tire force vector in the X’ direction.
staticcalibrationofbraking/tractiveforceonlockedwheels
of tire test trailers, instrumented vehicles, and laboratory tire
3.1.3 vertical load, n—the normal reaction of the tire on the
testing machines by using the calibration platform system as a
road which is equal to the negative of normal force.
calibration fixture.
4. Summary of Practice
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
4.1 Reference-load cells shall be calibrated using proce-
dures and equipment traceable to the National Institute of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Standards and Technology (NIST), or appropriate national
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
standards organization.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
NOTE 1—Practice E74 may be used as an alternative method for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
load-cell calibration.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Thecalibratedreference-loadcellisusedtocalibratethe
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
calibration-platform systems or used as the longitudinal force
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sensor. The tire test trailer, instrumented vehicle, or laboratory
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tire testing machine is calibrated with the platform.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Calibration is essential in the use of various test plat-
2. Referenced Documents
forms and devices to insure that the test results generated by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thesetestdevicesareaccurate,repeatableandmeaningful.This
E74 Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-
standard gives the necessary instructions for the calibration of
Measuring Instruments
all of the test devices cited in the Scope.
F538 Terminology Relating to Characteristics and Perfor-
mance of Tires
6. Apparatus
6.1 The calibration system consists of the following basic
3. Terminology
components:
3.1 Definitions:
6.1.1 Platform—The platform on which the test wheel is
placed shall have a flat high friction top surface. The platform
shall be of sufficient dimensions to support the entire tire
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F09 on Tires and is
contact patch throughout the calibration process.Alow friction
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities and
bearing (an air bearing is recommended) permitting free
Calibration.
horizontal motion and capable of sustaining a vertical load
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
equal to the largest anticipated wheel load shall support the
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F377 – 03 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/F0377-03R22.
platform. The longitudinal movement shall be sufficient to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
obtain the necessary required force levels. The platform may
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
also be instrumented with integrated transducers (Force Sen-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sors) to measure vertical and longitudinal forces.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F377 − 03 (2022)
6.1.2 Force Generation Apparatus—A system, capable of 7.2.2 Set the bridge-excitation voltage and gain, or its
developing a longitudinal force sufficient for the calibration of equivalent, in accordance with the instructions on the unit
the operating range of the device, shall be used.The force shall being used.
be applied along the longitudinal centerline of the platform. 7.2.3 Adjust the "bridge zero," or its equivalent, to "zero."
6.1.3 Force Sensors—Sensors to measure applied forces in
Be certain that the reference load cell is not being stressed.
the vertical and longitudinal directions that shall be used to 7.2.4 Using force measuring instruments or weights known
calibrate braking/tractive measuring devices. These sensors
to0.01%orbetterofappliedforce,performacalibrationonthe
can be integrated force transducers located in the platform, reference load cell. Class F weights of 8.9N (2 lb) or greater
scales or tension load cells. Sensors shall have sufficient
have a tolerance of 0.01%. Apply the calibration forces in at
measurement range to cover the maximum anticipated test least 8 appropriately spaced increments to a maximum of not
wheel forces. Sensors shall be mounted in a manner such that
less than the anticipated maximum force seen in use.Allow all
cross-axis forces will not adversely affect the accuracy. The force indicators to come to rest at each increment and record
force sensor instrumentation shall have the capability to allow
the force readings.
for the recording of data, such as a chart recorder, data logger, 7.2.5 Determine bias values at each applied force.
or visual output that allows for manual logging of data.
7.2.6 The biases of the reference-load cell and indicator
6.1.4 Reference Load Cell—The force standard that pro-
system shall be 0.25% or less of the known applied force
vides direct traceability to NIST or appropriate national stan-
(minimum of 62.2N(60.5lbf)).
dards organization that shall be used to certify other force
7.3 Calibration of Longitudinal Force Sensor Fig.
sensors or weights used within this standard. If integrated
1—Subsection 7.3 does not apply when the reference load cell
platform transducers are not used, the reference load cell may
isusedasthelongitudinalforcesensorduringcalibrationofthe
be used as the longitudinal force sensor during calibration of
braking/tractive measuring device.
the braking/tractive measuring device. The reference load cell
7.3.1 Mount the reference-load cell such that its longitudi-
shall have sufficient measurement range to cover the maximum
nal axis is parallel to the direction of motion of the platform
anticipated forces.
within 62° and in line with the applied force. If necessary,
place a tension spring in the longitudinal force application
7. Calibration of the Reference Load Cell and Force
system to allow for longitudinal motion.
Sensors
7.3.2 Apply sufficient force to both channels of the system
7.1 Three procedures are covered: (1) calibration of the
throughthefullrangeofexpectedcalibrationforcestoexercise
reference-load cell, (2) calibration of the longitudinal force
to platform. Release all forces.
sensor, and (3) calibration of the vertical load sensor. Repeat
7.3.3 Set the bridge-excitation voltage and gain, or its
the appropriate calibrations when any relevant component is
equivalent, for all instrumentation in accordance with the
changed or altered (see ASTM Manual 7). Repeat the calibra-
instructions on the unit being used.
tions annually unless the changes between the most recent
7.3.4 Adjust the “bridge zeros,” or its equivalent, to “zero”
calibration equation values and those from the previous cali-
on all instrumentation. Be certain that the reference load cell
bration do not exceed 0.1%. Calibration intervals may be
and platform are not being stressed.
lengthened to a maximum of 2 years provided that these
7.3.5 Using weights known to 0.1% of applied load or
changes do not exceed 0.1% of the value. Record the ambient
better, apply a test load, representative of a load which will be
temperature during load cell calibrations. Force sensor gain
encounteredonthebraking/tractivetestdevicetobecalibrated,
values (or their equivalent) shall be consistent throughout
to the top of the platform near the geometric center of the top.
sections 7.3 and 7.4.
The platform must be maintained level within 60.25° during
7.2 Reference Load Calibration:
calibration. Record all force readings.
7.2.1 Set up the reference load cell, indicator and required
NOTE 2—The platform may be sensitive to the support structure used
equipment to perform the calibration. List all equipment used,
during calibration. Therefore during calibration, the platform shall be
including signal conditioning and output devices. Record
supported in a manner similar to that which will subsequently be used
equipment identification and calibration dates. during the calibration of the braking/tractive measuring device.
FIG. 1 Force Calibration of a Platform Force Transducer
F377 − 03 (2022)
7.3.6 Apply the longitudinal calibration force in at least 6 maximum wheel load. Allow all force indicators to come to
approximately equally spaced increments to a maximum of not rest at each increment and record all force readings.
less than the anticipated maximum longitudinal wheel force
NOTE 3—The platform may be sensitive to the support structure used
seen in use. Allow all force indicators to come to rest at each
during calibration. Therefore during calibration, the platform shall be
increment and record the force readings.
supported in a manner similar to that which will subsequently be used
during the calibration of the braking/tractive measuring device.
7.3.7 Repeat 7.3.3 and 7.3.6 as necessary to collect at least
12 calibration points.
7.4.5 Repeat 7.4.1 through 7.4.4 as necessary to collect at
7.3.8 Determine longitudinal force bias values at each
least 12 calibration points.
applied for
...

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Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3019/D3019M-17(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Lap Cement Used with Asphalt Roll Roofing, Non-Fibered, and Fibered

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the physical requirements and testing of three types of lap cement for use with asphalt roll roofing. Type I is a brushing consistency lap cement intended for use in the exposed-nailing method of roll roofing application, and contains no mineral or other stabilizers. This type is further divided into two grades, as follows: Grade 1, which is made with an air-blown asphalt; and Grade 2, which is made with a vacuum-reduced or steam-refined asphalt. Both Types II and III, on the other hand, are heavy brushing or light troweling consistency lap cement intended for use in the concealed-nailing method of roll roofing application, only that Type II cement contains a quantity of short-fibered asbestos, while Type III cement contains a quantity of mineral or other stabilizers, or both, but contains no asbestos. The lap cements shall be sampled for testing, and shall adhere to specified values of the following properties: water content; distillation (total distillate at given temperatures); softening point of residue; solubility in trichloroethylene; and strength at indicated age.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lap cement consisting of asphalt dissolved in a volatile petroleum solvent with or without mineral or other stabilizers, or both, for use with roll roofing. The fibered version of these cements excludes the use of asbestos fibers.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4586/D4586M-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Free

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types and two classes of asbestos-free asphalt roof cement consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral and/or other stabilizers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for trowel application to roofing and flashing. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalt characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. Class I is used for application to essentially dry surfaces, while Class II is used for application to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces. The roof cements shall comply with composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, mineral and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements such as uniformity, workability, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1178/C1178M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Coated Glass Mat Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Panel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel designed for use on ceilings and walls in bath and shower areas as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile. Coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel shall consist of a noncombustible water-resistant gypsum core, surfaced with glass mat, partially or completely embedded in the core, and with a water-resistant coating on one surface. The specimens shall be tested for flexural strength, humidified deflection, core hardness, end hardness, edge hardness, nail pull resistance, water resistance, and surface water absorption. Coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel shall have surfaces true and free of imperfections that render the panel unfit for its designed use.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel designed for use on ceilings and walls in bath and shower areas as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off