ASTM E74-02

Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines

SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are included for the following types of instruments:
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and
1.1.2 Force-multiplying systems, such as balances and small platform scales.
Note 1—Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E 4; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as equivalent when required.
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 04-Apr-2002
• ICS: 17.100 - Measurement of force, weight and pressure
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.01 - Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E74-01 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM E74-04 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1196-20 - Standard Test Method for In Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit Masonry Estimated Using Flatjack Measurements
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D76/D76M-21 - Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E92-23 - Standard Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F3109-23 - Standard Practice for Verification of Multi-Axis Force Measuring Platforms
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F377-03(2022) - Standard Practice for Calibration of Braking/Tractive Measuring Devices for Testing Tires
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E10-23 - Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E21-20 - Standard Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E18-22 - Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C39/C39M-21 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3205-20 - Standard Test Method for Small Punch Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3098-17 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Pre-strain and Thermal Free Recovery of Shape Memory Alloys
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F1062-97(2018) - Standard Test Method for Verification of Ski Binding Test Devices
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E292-18 - Standard Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials
• Effective Date: 05-Apr-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 74 – 02
Standard Practice of
Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the
1
Force Indication of Testing Machines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE74;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
.
Note-Section 8.3 and Equation 6 were editorially corrected on April 5, 2002
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
4
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to specify procedures for
2.2 American National Standard:
the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are
5
B46.1 Surface Texture
included for the following types of instruments:
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and
ELASTIC FORCE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
1.1.2 Force-multiplyingsystems,suchasbalancesandsmall
platform scales.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable 3.1 Definitions:
method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances
3.1.1 elastic force-measuring device—a device or system
for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for
consisting of an elastic member combined with a device for
calibrationoftheweightsaregiveninNISTTechnicalNote577,Methods
indicating the magnitude (or a quantity proportional to the
2
of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.
magnitude) of deformation of the member under an applied
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
force.
standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as
3.1.2 primary force standard—a deadweight force applied
equivalent when required.
directly without intervening mechanisms such as levers, hy-
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static
draulic multipliers, or the like, whose mass has been deter-
force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic
mined by comparison with reference standards traceable to
or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of
national standards of mass.
calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be
3.1.3 secondary force standard—an instrument or mecha-
assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.
nism, the calibration of which has been established by com-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
parison with primary force standards.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 calibration equation—amathematicalrelationshipbe-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tweendeflectionandforceestablishedfromthecalibrationdata
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for use with the instrument in service, sometimes called the
calibration curve.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 continuous-reading device—a class of instruments
2.1 ASTM Standards:
whose characteristics permit interpolation of forces between
3
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
calibrated forces.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Such instruments usually have force-
to-deflection relationships that can be fitted to polynominal
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE28onMechanical
equations. Departures from the fitted curve are reflected in the
Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibration of
Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
uncertainty (8.4).
Current edition approved April 5, 2002. Published April 2002. Originally
published as E74–47T. Last previous edition E74–01.
2
4
Available from National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
5
MD 20899.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E74–02
Mg d
3.2.3 deflection—the difference between the reading of an
Force 5 1 2 (1)
S D
9.80665 D
instrumentunderappliedforceandthereadingwithnoapplied
force.
where:
3.2.4 loading range—a range of forces within which the
M = mass of the weight,
uncertainty is less than the limits of error specified for the 2
g = local acceleration due to gravity, m/s ,
3
instrument application.
d = air density (approximately 0.0012 Mg/m ),
3.2.5 reading—a numerical value indicated on the scale,
D = density of the weight in the same units as d
dial, or
...