ASTM E74-06

Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Testing machines that apply and indicate force are in general use in many industries. Practices E 4 has been written to provide a practice for the force verification of these machines. A necessary element in Practices E 4 is the use of devices whose force characteristics are known to be traceable to national standards. Practice E 74 describes how these devices are to be calibrated. The procedures are useful to users of testing machines, manufacturers and providers of force measuring instruments, calibration laboratories that provide the calibration of the instruments and the documents of traceability, and service organizations that use the devices to verify testing machines.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are included for the following types of instruments:
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and
1.1.2 Force-multiplying systems, such as balances and small platform scales. Note 1Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E 4; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as equivalent when required.
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2006
• ICS: 17.100 - Measurement of force, weight and pressure
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.01 - Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E74-04 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM E74-12 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E1457-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Creep Crack Growth Times in Metals
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM F1062-97(2018) - Standard Test Method for Verification of Ski Binding Test Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E3205-20 - Standard Test Method for Small Punch Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E21-20 - Standard Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E18-22 - Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E2546-15(2023) - Standard Practice for Instrumented Indentation Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E2624-17 - Standard Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E1856-13(2021) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisition Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM F377-03(2022) - Standard Practice for Calibration of Braking/Tractive Measuring Devices for Testing Tires
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM C39/C39M-21 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM C900-19 - Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E10-23 - Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E103-17 - Standard Practice for Rapid Indentation Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E74 − 06
StandardPractice of
Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the
1
Force Indication of Testing Machines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE74;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to specify procedures for
2.2 American National Standard:
the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are
4
B46.1Surface Texture
included for the following types of instruments:
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and
ELASTIC FORCE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
1.1.2 Force-multiplyingsystems,suchasbalancesandsmall
platform scales.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable
3.1 Definitions:
method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances
3.1.1 elastic force-measuring device—a device or system
for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for
consisting of an elastic member combined with a device for
calibrationoftheweightsaregiveninNISTTechnicalNote577,Methods
2
indicating the magnitude (or a quantity proportional to the
of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.
magnitude) of deformation of the member under an applied
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
force.
standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as
3.1.2 primary force standard—a deadweight force applied
equivalent when required.
directly without intervening mechanisms such as levers, hy-
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static
draulic multipliers, or the like, whose mass has been deter-
force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic
mined by comparison with reference standards traceable to
or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of
national standards of mass.
calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be
3.1.3 secondary force standard—an instrument or
assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.
mechanism, the calibration of which has been established by
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
comparison with primary force standards.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 calibration equation—a mathematical relationship be-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tweendeflectionandforceestablishedfromthecalibrationdata
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for use with the instrument in service, sometimes called the
calibration curve.
2. Referenced Documents
3
3.2.2 continuous-reading device—a class of instruments
2.1 ASTM Standards:
whose characteristics permit interpolation of forces between
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
calibrated forces.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Such instruments usually have force-
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE28onMechanical to-deflection relationships that can be fitted to polynominal
Testingand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibration of
equations. Departures from the fitted curve are reflected in the
Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
uncertainty (8.4).
Current edition approved March 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originally
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E74–04. DOI:
3.2.3 deflection—the difference between the reading of an
10.1520/E0074-06.
instrumentunderappliedforceandthereadingwithnoapplied
2
Available from National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
force.
MD 20899.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
the ASTM website. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E74−06
3.2.4 loading range—a range of forces within which the where:
uncertainty is less than the limits of error specified for the
M = mass of the weight,
2
instrument application.
g = local acceleration due to gravity, m/s ,
3
d = air density (approximately 0.0012 Mg/m ),
3.2.5 reading—a numerical value indicate
...