ASTM E74-13

Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate force are in general use in many industries. Practices E4 has been written to provide a practice for the force verification of these machines. A necessary element in Practices E4 is the use of devices whose force characteristics are known to be traceable to national standards. Practice E74 describes how these devices are to be calibrated. The procedures are useful to users of testing machines, manufacturers and providers of force measuring instruments, calibration laboratories that provide the calibration of the instruments and the documents of traceability, and service organizations that use the devices to verify testing machines.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are included for the following types of instruments:  
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and  
1.1.2 Force-multiplying systems, such as balances and small platform scales. Note 1—Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as equivalent when required.  
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2013
• ICS: 17.100 - Measurement of force, weight and pressure
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.01 - Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E74-12 - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Replaced By: ASTM E74-13a - Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F3109-23 - Standard Practice for Verification of Multi-Axis Force Measuring Platforms
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E292-18 - Standard Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E6-23a - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1857/C1857M-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Adhesion (Pull-Off) Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Mortar
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E18-22 - Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E103-17 - Standard Practice for Rapid Indentation Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F1062-97(2018) - Standard Test Method for Verification of Ski Binding Test Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E10-23 - Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E3205-20 - Standard Test Method for Small Punch Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E3098-17 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Pre-strain and Thermal Free Recovery of Shape Memory Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E21-20 - Standard Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C39/C39M-21 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E2624-17 - Standard Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E74 − 13
StandardPractice of
Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the
1
Force Indication of Testing Machines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE74;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to specify procedures for
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
included for the following types of instruments:
Force Application
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and
1.1.2 Force-multiplyingsystems,suchasbalancesandsmall 2.2 American National Standard:
4
platform scales. B46.1Surface Texture
NOTE 1—Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable
ELASTIC FORCE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances
for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for
3. Terminology
calibrationoftheweightsaregiveninNISTTechnicalNote577,Methods
2
of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.1.1 elastic force-measuring device—a device or system
standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as
consisting of an elastic member combined with a device for
equivalent when required. indicating the magnitude (or a quantity proportional to the
magnitude) of deformation of the member under an applied
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static
force.
force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic
3.1.2 primary force standard—a deadweight force applied
or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of
directly without intervening mechanisms such as levers, hy-
calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be
draulic multipliers, or the like, whose mass has been deter-
assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.
mined by comparison with reference standards traceable to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
national standards of mass.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.3 secondary force standard—an instrument or
mechanism, the calibration of which has been established by
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. comparison with primary force standards.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 calibration equation—a mathematical relationship be-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tweendeflectionandforceestablishedfromthecalibrationdata
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
for use with the instrument in service, sometimes called the
calibration curve.
3.2.2 continuous-reading device—a class of instruments
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE28onMechanical
whose characteristics permit interpolation of forces between
Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibration of
calibrated forces.
Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
Current edition approved March 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Such instruments usually have force-
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E74–12. DOI:
to-deflection relationships that can be fitted to polynominal
10.1520/E0074-13.
2 equations.
Available from National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
MD 20899.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E74−13
3.2.3 creep—The change in deflection of the force- calibration load sequence, The Lower Limit Factor is one
measuring instrument under constant applied force. component of the measurement uncertainty. Other uncertainty
components should be included in a comprehensive measure-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Creep is expressed as a percentage of
the output
...