ASTM D1210-05(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
Standard Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In making pigmented products, the pigment is usually dispersed in a portion of the vehicle in some sort of mill. At this stage, it is necessary to be able to judge if the pigment agglomerates have been sufficiently broken up so as not to interfere with the smoothness of the finished coating film. This test method describes a way of making this judgment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the degree of dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of grind”) of the pigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatings and their intermediates. It may also be used to assess the inclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1210 − 05 (Reapproved2010)
Standard Test Method for
Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by
Hegman-Type Gage
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
2 2
1. Scope this gage, each of 6.5 cm (1 in. ) area, and of two different
depths. A count is made of the particles deposited in the two
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the degree of
delimited areas, and cleanliness (texture) reading is deter-
dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of grind”) of the
mined.
pigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatings
and their intermediates. It may also be used to assess the
4. Significance and Use
inclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating.
4.1 In making pigmented products, the pigment is usually
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
dispersedinaportionofthevehicleinsomesortofmill.Atthis
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
stage, it is necessary to be able to judge if the pigment
only.
agglomerates have been sufficiently broken up so as not to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
interfere with the smoothness of the finished coating film. This
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
test method describes a way of making this judgment.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Tapered Gage—A hardened steel, stainless steel, or
chrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1) approximately 170 mm (6.7
2. Referenced Documents
in.) in length, and 15 mm (0.6 in.) in thickness.The top surface
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the block shall be ground smooth and planar and shall
D1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks
contain one or two paths 127 mm (5 in.) in calibrated length.
By the NPIRI Grindometer
The path shall be tapered uniformly in depth lengthwise from
about 4 mils (100 µm) at 10 mm from one end to zero depth at
3. Summary of Test Method
the other with intermediate calibrations in accordance with the
3.1 Tapered Gage—The product is spread by means of a
depth at those points. Preferred calibrations are Hegman units
scraper in a machined tapered path.At some point in this path,
and micrometers (Note 1). Three path widths are covered by
particlesoragglomerates,orboth,willbecomevisible.Adirect
this test method:
reading from the graduated scale is then made at the point
5.1.1 Two Parallel Paths, each 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) wide and
where the particles form a definite pattern. When the single
spaced 0.5-in. apart centered in a block 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide
path gage is used it is also possible to rate “cleanliness” (see
(see Fig. 1).
6.2).
5.1.2 One Path, 50 mm (2 in.) in width centered in a block
90-mm (3.5-in.) wide (see Fig. 1).
3.2 Stepped Gage—The product is spread by means of a
5.1.3 One Path, 25 mm (1 in.) in width centered in a block
scraper on a stepped gage. There are 2 delimited sections on
65-mm (2.5-in.) wide (see Fig. 1a).
NOTE1—Severalarbitraryscalesandmodificationsofthegageareused
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
by industry. In order that readings obtained with these arbitrary scales and
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
modifications can be reported in the preferred units, the approximate
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
relationship of these scales to gage depth is shown in the following
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally
example:
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1210 – 05. DOI:
Hegman Depth, Depth, PC or FSPT NPIRI
10.1520/D1210-05R10.
A B B C D
2 Scale µm mils Scale Scale
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
0 100 4 0 40
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1 90 3.5 1 ⁄4 35
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
275 3 2 ⁄2 30
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1210 − 05 (2010)
FIG. 1 Fineness Gages
5.4 Illumination—The gage shall be illuminated for viewing
3 65 2.5 3 ⁄4 25
450 2 5 20
with a fluorescent tube, mounted approximately 250 mm (10
5 40 1.5 6 ⁄4 15
in.) above the gage with the length of the tube parallel to the
625 1 7 ⁄2 10
7 15 0.5 8 ⁄4 5 length of the gage. The tube will be mounted so that the angle
80 0 10 0
between the plane of the gage, and the tube is 75 to 80°. A
A
Sometimes referred to in error as the North Standard scale.
viewing box is not mandatory for illumination, but if one is
B
Rounded to nearest 5 µm or 0.5 mil.
desired, a proposed design for a viewing box is contained in
C
Federation of Societies for Paint Technology scale.
D
Appendix X1.
National Printing Ink Research Institute scale, 0 to 10 on the NPIRI Production
Grindometer, but extended on many gages to 20 or 30 (see Test Method D1316).
5.2 Stepped Gage—A hardened steel, stainless steel, or 6. Care of Gage
chrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1a), approximately 170 mm
6.1 Clean the gage immediately after each use. Use a
(6.7 in.) in length, and 15 mm (0.6 in.) in thickness. A path
solvent and a soft cloth. Keep the gage covered or encased at
25-mm (1-in.) wide shall be cut the length of, and centered in
all times when not in use. Protect gages that lie idle for
a block 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide. The path will be cut to two
extended periods of time from rust with an oil coating or oil
different depths, each for half of its length.The two depths will
soaked wrap.
be 3 mils, and 1 mil, or as agreed upon between the buyer and
6.2 Do not allow any hard materials to come in contact with
the seller. There shall be two tick marks, above and below the
the gage surface or scraper in any manner that might result in
“step,” and spaced 25 mm (1 in.) from it.
scarring or nicking. Avoid tapping or scratching with other
5.3 Scraper—Adouble-edgedhardenedsteel,stainlesssteel,
metal.
or chrome-plated steel blade (Fig. 2) 95-mm (3.75-in.) long,
40-mm (1.5-in.) wide, and 6.4-mm (0.25-in.) thick. The two 6.3 The scraper may be rendered unsatisfactory for use by
edges on the 3.75-in. sides shall be rounded to a radius of 0.38 wear or nicks of the contact edge or warpage (Note 2). Replace
mm (0.015 in.). or recondition unsatisfactory blades.
D1210 − 05 (2010)
1-in. single path gage Texture Gage
FIG. 1 a Fineness Gages (continued)
they should be viewed with the purpose of standardizing the
relationshipofparticledistributiontofinenessdesignation.The
arrow in each drawing represents the end point (reading) for
that distribution. These patterns are to be used for notation of
frequency of particles and should not be interpreted according
to the size of the dots. Although called “standards,” they are
really examples of fineness readings to be used as a guide,
since no two particle distributions will be exactly the same.
7.2 Similarly, Fig. 4 exhibits typical fineness gage patterns
for the 50-mm (2-in.) gage in 5.1.2, or the 25-mm (1-in.) gage
in 5.1.3. These diagrams are to be used like those for the
double-path gage except that a “cleanliness” rating is also
shown. “Cleanliness” is descriptive of the number of particles
that appear in the path above the fineness designation. Three
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
FIG. 2 Scraper ratings are indicated:A(0 to 8 specks), B (9 to 15 specks), and
C (16 or more specks).
NOTE 2—Wear or warpage of the scraper may be noted by facing the
edge of the scraper down on the smooth level face of the gage, then
8. Procedure—Tapered Gage
inspecting the contact edge by means of a strong light, placed behind the
8.1 Place the gage on a horizontal flat, nonslippery surface
gage. Rocking the scraper forward or back will reveal poor contact due to
wear or warpage. Any light coming through between scraper and gage
and wipe clean immediately before the test. Be sure the gage
face shows that the scraper has been damaged and is not satisfactory for
surface is free of lint.
use.
8.2 Hand stir the specimen (Note 3) vigorously for 2 min,
7. Visual Standards
taking care that air bubbles are not whipped into the paint. To
7.1 The diagrams in Fig. 3 are reproductions of six typical be sure of an accurate grind reading, specimens must be free of
fineness-gage patterns with the double-path gage in 5.1.1, and air bubbles.
D1210 − 05 (2010)
FIG. 3 a Typical Fineness Gage Patterns
NOTE3—Forthistestmethodtofunctionproperly,thepigmentparticles
8.4.1 View the gage from the si
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