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ASTM D5397-19

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method does not purport to interpret the resulting response curve. Such interpretation is left to the parties involved in the commissioning and reporting of the test results.  
5.2 This test method is intended as an index test and may be used for grading polyolefin geomembrane sheets in regard to their stress-cracking sensitivity.  
5.2.1 Conditions that can affect stress cracking include: level of loading, test temperature and environment, microstructure, polymer additive package, processing history, and thermal history.  
5.3 The test method is applicable to smooth, homogeneous polyolefin geomembranes where the two sides are parallel to permit application of the stress on a well-defined surface delimited by the surface of the geomembrane on one side, and the bottom of the notch on the other side.  
5.4 The test is applicable to textured geomembranes when prepared as described in 8.3.2.  
5.5 The test may be applicable to multi-component geomembranes (such as white, conductive, or other non-homogeneous sheets) or limited to the evaluation of the base polymer when prepared as described in 8.3.3.  
5.6 The test is not applicable to bituminous, EPDM, plasticized PVC, and other non-polyolefin geomembranes, as these materials are not susceptible to slow crack growth.  
5.7 This test method may not be applied to polyolefin geomembranes that do not exhibit a well-defined yield point, such as some VLDPE and LLDPE.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to develop test data from which the susceptibility of polyolefin geomembrane sheet material to stress cracking under a constant tensile load condition and an accelerated environmental condition can be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method measures the failure time associated with a given test specimen at a specified tensile load level. Results from a series of such tests utilizing a range of load levels can be used to construct a stress-time plot on a log-log axis.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2018
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.02 - Endurance Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5397-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Replaced By
ASTM D5397-19a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
Effective Date
15-Oct-2019
Referred By
ASTM D5747/D5747M-21 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Referred By
ASTM D8269-21 - Standard Guide for the Use of Geocells in Geotechnical and Roadway Projects
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Referred By
ASTM F3181-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for The Un-notched, Constant Ligament Stress Crack Test (UCLS) for HDPE Materials Containing Post- Consumer Recycled HDPE
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Referred By
ASTM F2136-18 - Standard Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress (NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resistance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6388-18 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geonets to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4439-23b - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Referred By
ASTM D5819-22 - Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of Geosynthetic Durability
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6434-12(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019

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ASTM D5397-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load TestASTM D5397-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
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REDLINE ASTM D5397-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load TestREDLINE ASTM D5397-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5397 −19
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin
1
Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
1.1 This test method is used to develop test data from which
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
the susceptibility of polyolefin geomembrane sheet material to
of Geosynthetics
stress cracking under a constant tensile load condition and an
D6693/D6693M Test Method for Determining Tensile Prop-
accelerated environmental condition can be evaluated.
erties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced
1.2 This test method measures the failure time associated
Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
with a given test specimen at a specified tensile load level.
Results from a series of such tests utilizing a range of load
3. Terminology
levels can be used to construct a stress-time plot on a log-log
3.1 Definitions:
axis.
3.1.1 actual thickness, n—individual measurement per Test
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Method D5199, on a specimen tab.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
3.1.2 average thickness, n—result of Test Method D5199
provided for information only.
testing, that is, average of ten specimens.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 geomembrane, n—very low permeability synthetic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
membrane liners or barriers used with any geotechnical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
engineering-related material so as to control fluid migration in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
a man-made project, structure, or system.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 ligament, n—theportionofgeomembranethatremains
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
uncut under the notch.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.5 ligament thickness, n—length of the ligament mea-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sured from the bottom of the notch to the edge of the specimen
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the test specimen.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.6 multi-component geomembrane, n—a geomembrane
that includes multiple layers of different nature.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.7 nominal thickness, n—the thickness specified without
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
regard of tolerance.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.1.8 notch, n—cutmadeusingaspecifiedtoolinprescribed
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
conditions.
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
3.1.9 slow crack growth, n—type of fracture mechanism
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
characterized by the stable growth of a crack with little
deformation in the material.
1 3.1.10 smooth geomembrane, n—a geomembrane that does
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur- not present any surface texture.
ance Properties.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—A geomembrane can be smooth on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originally
one side but textured on the other side.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5397 – 07 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D5397-19.
3.1.11 stress crack, n—an external or internal crack in a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-time
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mechanical strength (see Terminology D883).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.1.11.1 Discussion—The development of such cracks is
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5397−19
frequently accelerated by the environment to which the plastic 5.6 The test is not applicable to bituminous, EPDM, plasti-
is exposed. The stresses that cause cracking may be present cized PVC, and other non-polyolefin geomembranes, as these
internall
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5397 − 07 (Reapproved 2012) D5397 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin
1
Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to develop test data from which the susceptibility of polyolefin geomembrane sheet material to
stress cracking under a constant tensile load condition and an accelerated environmental condition can be evaluated.
1.2 This test method measures the failure time associated with a given test specimen at a specified tensile load level. Results
from a series of such tests utilizing a range of load levels can be used to construct a stress-time plot on a log-log axis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
D4833D5199 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related ProductsMeasuring the Nominal
Thickness of Geosynthetics
D6693/D6693M Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible
Polypropylene Geomembranes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 actual thickness, n—individual measurement per Test Method D5199, on a specimen tab.
3.1.2 average thickness, n—result of Test Method D5199 testing, that is, average of ten specimens.
3.1.3 geomembrane, n—very low permeability synthetic membrane liners or barriers used with any geotechnical engineering
related engineering-related material so as to control fluid migration in a man-made project, structure, or system (see Test Method
system.D4833).
3.1.4 ligament, n—the portion of geomembrane that remains uncut under the notch.
3.1.5 ligament thickness, n—length of the ligament measured from the bottom of the notch to the edge of the specimen in a
direction perpendicular to the plane of the test specimen.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012Jan. 1, 2019. Published July 2012January 2019. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D5397 – 07.D5397 – 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D5397-07R12.10.1520/D5397-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5397 − 19
3.1.6 multi-component geomembrane, n—a geomembrane that includes multiple layers of different nature.
3.1.7 nominal thickness, n—the thickness specified without regard of tolerance.
3.1.8 notch, n—cut made using a specified tool in prescribed conditions.
3.1.9 slow crack growth, n—type of fracture mechanism characterized by the stable growth of a crack with little deformation
in the material.
3.1.10 smooth geomembrane, n—a geomembrane that does not present any surface texture.
3.1.10.1 Di
...

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1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coating backing(s).  
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5884/D5884M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.  
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7006-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
5.2 Wave velocity may be established for particular geomembranes (for specific polymer type, specific formulation, specific density). Relationships may be established between velocity and both density and tensile properties of geomembranes. An example of the use of ultrasound for determining density of polyethylene is presented in Test Method D4883. Velocity measurements may be used to determine thickness of geomembranes (1, 2).4 Travel time and amplitude of transmitted waves may be used to assess the condition of geomembranes and to identify defects in geomembranes including surface defects (for example, scratches, cuts), inner defects (for example, discontinuities within geomembranes), and defects that penetrate the entire thickness of geomembranes (for example, pinholes) (3, 4). Bonding between geomembrane sheets can be evaluated using travel time, velocity, or impedance measurements for seam assessment (5-10). Examples of the use of ultrasonic testing for determining the integrity of field and factory seams through travel time and velocity measurements (resulting in thickness measurements) are presented in Practices D4437 and D4545, respectively. An ultrasonic testing device is routinely used for evaluating seams in prefabricated bituminous geomembranes in the field (11). Integrity of geomembranes may be monitored in time using ultrasonic measurements.
Note 1: Differences may exist between ultrasonic measurements and measurements made using other methods due to differences in test conditions such as pressure applied and probe dimensions. An example is ultrasonic and mechanical thickness measurements.  
5.3 The method is applicable to testing both in the laboratory and in the field for parent material and seams. The test durations are very short as wave transmission through ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.  
1.2 Ultrasonic wave propagation in solid materials is correlated to physical and mechanical properties and condition of the materials. In ultrasonic testing, two wave propagation characteristics are commonly determined: velocity (based on wave travel time measurements) and attenuation (based on wave amplitude measurements). Velocity of wave propagation is used to determine thickness, density, and elastic properties of materials. Attenuation of waves in solid materials is used to determine microstructural properties of the materials. In addition, frequency characteristics of waves are analyzed to investigate the properties of a test material. Travel time, amplitude, and frequency distribution measurements are used to assess the condition of materials to identify damage and defects in solid materials. Ultrasonic measurements are used to determine the nature of materials/media in contact with a test specimen as well. Measurements are conducted in the time-domain (time versus amplitude) or frequency-domain (frequency versus amplitude).  
1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development ...

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ASTM
ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5322-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.  
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.  
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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