ASTM D8369-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis by High Resolution Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy (GC-VUV)
Standard Test Method for Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis by High Resolution Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy (GC-VUV)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of class group composition of hydrocarbon streams and automotive spark-ignition fuels as well as quantification of various individual species such as oxygenates and aromatics is useful for evaluating quality and expected performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (GC-VUV) for the determination of individual compounds and compound classes by percent mass or percent volume with a final boiling point as defined by Test Method D86 up to 225 °C.
1.1.1 Typical products encountered in petroleum refining or biofuel operations, such as blend stocks; naphthas, reformates, alkylates, FCC gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), alcohols and ethers may be analyzed.
1.1.2 Spark-ignition engine fuels including those with commonly blended oxygenates may also be analyzed.
1.2 Individual compounds are spectrally verified and speciated. Compounds that are not spectrally verified and speciated are identified by carbon number, based on retention index, and by class type, based on spectral response. The resulting verified hydrocarbon analysis therefore identifies, classifies, and reports 100 % of the spectral responses.
1.2.1 This test method may not be applicable to all concentrations of individual hydrocarbons; the user must evaluate the spectral response of the hydrocarbon of interest, the amount and proximity of co-eluting hydrocarbons, and detector saturation. Quantitation of individual hydrocarbons with concentrations less than 0.1 % or greater than 30 % by mass may require validation.
1.2.2 This test method can be used to determine methanol in the range of 0.05 % to 3 % by mass, ethanol in the range of 0.05 % to 25 % by mass, butanols in the range of 0.5 % to 10 % by mass, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) in the range of 0.5 % to 22 % by mass, ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE) in the range of 0.5 % to 22 % by mass, and t-amyl methyl ether (TAME) in the range of 0.5 % to 22 % by mass in spark-ignition engine fuels.
Note 1: Applicable ranges of individual components and precision will ultimately be defined by an interlaboratory study.
1.2.3 Other compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and so forth, may also be present, and may co-elute with the hydrocarbons. If determination of other specific compounds is required, supplementation of the spectral library may be necessary.
1.3 Class-type composition – paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics and oxygenates are reported. The class composition totals are the sum of speciated individual compounds and spectrally classed compounds.
1.3.1 The class types may optionally be sub classed by carbon number.
1.3.2 Olefins may optionally be sub classed into mono-olefins, non-conjugated diolefins, conjugated diolefins, and cyclic olefins.
1.3.3 Aromatics may optionally be sub classed into mono-aromatics, diaromatics, and naphtheno-aromatics (indans and indenes).
Note 2: Interim precision for optional sub class reporting is not determined.
1.4 Individual compounds may not be baseline-separated by the procedure described in this method; that is, some compounds will coelute. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra and deconvolution algorithms.
1.5 This test method is intended as a type of detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA). Incorporation of the GC-VUV data report into commercial DHA software packages with subsequent physical and chemical property calculations and correlations is the responsibility of the DHA software vendor.
1.6 Temporary precision has been determined on a limited subset of samples and compounds given in Table 6 and Table 7.
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It ...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8369 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis by High Resolution Gas
Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption
1
Spectroscopy (GC-VUV)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8369; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.2.3 Othercompoundscontainingoxygen,sulfur,nitrogen,
and so forth, may also be present, and may co-elute with the
1.1 This test method covers the use of gas chromatography
hydrocarbons. If determination of other specific compounds is
andvacuumultravioletabsorptionspectroscopy(GC-VUV)for
required, supplementation of the spectral library may be
the determination of individual compounds and compound
necessary.
classes by percent mass or percent volume with a final boiling
point as defined by Test Method D86 up to 225 °C.
1.3 Class-type composition – paraffins, iso-paraffins,
1.1.1 Typical products encountered in petroleum refining or olefins, naphthenes, aromatics and oxygenates are reported.
biofuel operations, such as blend stocks; naphthas, reformates,
The class composition totals are the sum of speciated indi-
alkylates, FCC gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), alco- vidual compounds and spectrally classed compounds.
hols and ethers may be analyzed.
1.3.1 The class types may optionally be sub classed by
1.1.2 Spark-ignition engine fuels including those with com-
carbon number.
monly blended oxygenates may also be analyzed.
1.3.2 Olefins may optionally be sub classed into mono-
olefins, non-conjugated diolefins, conjugated diolefins, and
1.2 Individual compounds are spectrally verified and spe-
cyclic olefins.
ciated. Compounds that are not spectrally verified and spe-
1.3.3 Aromatics may optionally be sub classed into mono-
ciated are identified by carbon number, based on retention
aromatics, diaromatics, and naphtheno-aromatics (indans and
index, and by class type, based on spectral response. The
indenes).
resulting verified hydrocarbon analysis therefore identifies,
classifies, and reports 100 % of the spectral responses.
NOTE 2—Interim precision for optional sub class reporting is not
1.2.1 This test method may not be applicable to all concen- determined.
trations of individual hydrocarbons; the user must evaluate the
1.4 Individual compounds may not be baseline-separated by
spectral response of the hydrocarbon of interest, the amount
the procedure described in this method; that is, some com-
and proximity of co-eluting hydrocarbons, and detector satu-
pounds will coelute.The coelutions are resolved at the detector
ration. Quantitation of individual hydrocarbons with concen-
using VUV absorbance spectra and deconvolution algorithms.
trations less than 0.1 % or greater than 30 % by mass may
1.5 This test method is intended as a type of detailed
require validation.
hydrocarbon analysis (DHA). Incorporation of the GC-VUV
1.2.2 Thistestmethodcanbeusedtodeterminemethanolin
data report into commercial DHA software packages with
the range of 0.05 % to 3 % by mass, ethanol in the range of
subsequent physical and chemical property calculations and
0.05 % to 25 % by mass, butanols in the range of 0.5 % to
correlations is the responsibility of the DHA software vendor.
10 % by mass, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) in the range of
0.5 % to 22 % by mass, ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE) in the range
1.6 Temporary precision has been determined on a limited
of 0.5 % to 22 % by mass, and t-amyl methyl ether (TAME) in
subset of samples and compounds given in Table 6 and Table
the range of 0.5 % to 22 % by mass in spark-ignition engine
7.
fuels.
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
NOTE 1—Applicable ranges of individual components and precision
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
will ultimately be defined by an interlaboratory study.
standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published May 2021. DOI: 10.1520/
D8369-21. mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Copyright © AS
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