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ASTM F3049-14(2021)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes

Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Determining the properties of the feedstock powder used in these processes is a necessary condition for industry’s confidence in powder selection and ability to produce consistent components with known and predictable properties. The intention of this guide is to provide purchasers, vendors, or producers of metal powder to be used in additive manufacturing processes with a reference for existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be used to characterize properties of metal powders used for additive manufacturing processes. It will serve as a starting point for the future development of a suite of specific standard test methods that will address each individual property or property type that is important to the performance of metal-based additive manufacturing systems and the components produced by them. While the focus of this standard is on metal powder, some of the referenced methods may also be appropriate for non-metal powders.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide introduces the reader to techniques for metal powder characterization that may be useful for powder-based additive manufacturing processes including binder jetting, directed energy deposition, and powder bed fusion. It refers the reader to other, existing standards that may be applicable for the characterization of virgin and used metal powders processed in additive manufacturing systems.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2021
ICS
77.160 - Powder metallurgy
Technical Committee
F42 - Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Drafting Committee
F42.05 - Materials and Processes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM B213-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM B329-20 - Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM F3049-14(2021) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing ProcessesASTM F3049-14(2021) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes
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ASTM F3049-14(2021) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3049 − 14 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Guide for
Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for
1
Additive Manufacturing Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B214 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
1.1 This guide introduces the reader to techniques for metal
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
powder characterization that may be useful for powder-based
B329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
additive manufacturing processes including binder jetting,
and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
directedenergydeposition,andpowderbedfusion.Itrefersthe
B417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-
reader to other, existing standards that may be applicable for
Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
the characterization of virgin and used metal powders pro-
2 B527 Test Method for Tap Density of Metal Powders and
cessed in additive manufacturing systems.
Compounds
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
B703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
standard.
B783 Specification for Materials for Ferrous Powder Metal-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lurgy (PM) Structural Parts
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the B822 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- B855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- Funnel
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
B923 Test Method for Metal Powder Skeletal Density by
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Helium or Nitrogen Pycnometry
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the Carney Funnel
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. E539 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
2. Referenced Documents
E572 Test Method forAnalysis of Stainless andAlloy Steels
3
byWavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrom-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
etry
B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Tita-
Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal
B213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
E1569 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen in Tanta-
lum Powder by Inert Gas Fusion Technique (Withdrawn
1
4
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF42onAdditive
2018)
Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,
F42.05 on Materials and Processes.
and Screening Media
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F3049–14. DOI:
E1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-
10.1520/F3049-14R21.
tory and Reactive Metals andTheirAlloys by Combustion
2
Cooke, A. L., Slotwinski, J. A., “Properties of Metal Powders for Additive
Analysis
Manufacturing:AReviewoftheStateoftheArtofMetalPowderPropertyTesting,”
NIST IR 7873, July, 2012. Online, Available: http://www.nist.gov/manuscript- E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
publication-search.cfm?pub_id=911339
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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5.1 The engineering function of many PM parts may require an exterior portion of the part to have a hardened layer. Where case hardening produces a distinct transition in the microstructure, metallographic estimation of the observed case depth may be used to check the depth to which the surface has been hardened.
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