ASTM A941-10
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee A01 is responsible, it is included herein only when judged, after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of identical terms in this standard.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A941 – 10
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
precipitation hardening, but never involves a change in the chemical
1. Scope*
composition of the steel.
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms
related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys. alloy steel, n—a steel, other than a stainless steel, that
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which conforms to a specification that requires one or more of the
CommitteeA01 is responsible, it is included herein only when following elements, by mass percent, to have a minimum
judged, after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a gener- content equal to or greater than: 0.30 for aluminum; 0.0008
ally usable term. for boron; 0.30 for chromium; 0.30 for cobalt; 0.40 for
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is copper; 0.40 for lead; 1.65 for manganese; 0.08 for molyb-
a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional denum; 0.30 for nickel; 0.06 for niobium (columbium); 0.60
information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term. for silicon; 0.05 for titanium; 0.30 for tungsten (wolfram);
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will 0.10 for vanadium; 0.05 for zirconium; or 0.10 for any other
appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of alloying element, except sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, and
identical terms in this standard. nitrogen.
annealing, n—a generic term covering any of several heat
2. Referenced Documents
treatments.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
DISCUSSION—This treatment is used for purposes such as reducing
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
hardness, improving machinability, facilitating cold working, produc-
ing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired mechanical, physical,
3. Terminology
or other properties. Where applicable, it is preferred that the following
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: more specific terms be used: box annealing, bright annealing, flame
annealing, full annealing, graphitization annealing, intermediate
Ac ,Ac ,Ac ,Ac —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4 annealing, isothermal annealing, process annealing, recrystalliza-
Ae , Ae , Ae , Ae —See transformation temperature.
tion annealing, spheroidizing, and subcritical annealing. The term
cm 1 3 4
age hardening, n—hardening by aging, usually after rapid “annealing,” without qualification, implies full annealing. Any pro-
cess of annealing will usually reduce stresses; however, if the
cooling or cold working.
treatmentisappliedforthesolepurposeofstressreduction,itshouldbe
age hardening, n—see precipitation hardening.
designated stress relieving.
aging, n—a change in the properties of certain steels that
occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after
Ar , Ar , Ar , Ar —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4
hot working or a heat treatment (quench aging, natural artificial aging, n—aging above room temperature.
aging, or artificial aging) or after a cold-working operation
austempering, n—heat treatment involving quenching a
(strain aging). steel object from a temperature above the transformation
range in a medium maintained at a temperature above the
DISCUSSION—Thechangeinpropertiesisoften,butnotalways,dueto
martensite range sufficiently fast to avoid the formation of
high temperature transformation products, and then holding
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, it at that temperature until transformation is complete.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
austenitizing, n—forming austenite by heating a steel object
A01.92 on Terminology.
above the transformation range.
Current edition approved April 15, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
baking, n—heating to a low temperature in order to remove
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A941–09a. DOI:
10.1520/A0941-10.
gases.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
batch furnace, n—a heating device within which steel objects
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
are held stationary or oscillated during the thermal process-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ing cycle.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A941–09a Designation: A941 – 10
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
1.2 WhenatermisusedinanASTMdocumentforwhichCommitteeA01isresponsible,itisincludedhereinonlywhenjudged,
after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional
information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of
identical terms in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions of General Terms:
age hardening, n—see precipitation hardening.
alloy steel, n—a steel, other than a stainless steel, that conforms to a specification that requires one or more of the following
elements, by mass percent, to have a minimum content equal to or greater than: 0.30 for aluminum; 0.0008 for boron; 0.30 for
chromium; 0.30 for cobalt; 0.40 for copper; 0.40 for lead; 1.65 for manganese; 0.08 for molybdenum; 0.30 for nickel; 0.06 for
niobium (columbium); 0.60 for silicon; 0.05 for titanium; 0.30 for tungsten (wolfram); 0.10 for vanadium; 0.05 for zirconium;
or 0.10 for any other alloying element, except sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen.
capped steel, n—a rimmed steel in which, during ingot solidification, the rimming action was limited by mechanical or chemical
means.
carbon steel, n—a steel that conforms to a specification that prescribes a maximum limit, by heat analysis in mass percent, of
not more than: 2.00 for carbon and 1.65 for manganese, but does not prescribe a minimum limit for chromium, cobalt,
molybdenum, nickel, niobium (columbium), tungsten (wolfram), vanadium, or zirconium.
DISCUSSION—Except as required above, it is permissible for carbon steel specifications to prescribe limits (minimum or maximum, or both) for each
specified alloying element, subject to the following restrictions for the heat analysis limits in mass percent: (a) for wrought carbon steel products, the
specified maximum limit is not to exceed: 0.10 for aluminum, 0.60 for silicon, and 0.050 for titanium; (b) for carbon steel castings, the specified
maximum limit is not to exceed: 0.10 for aluminum, 1.00 for silicon, and 0.050 for titanium. (c) for carbon steels that are required to be
rephosphorized, the specified minimum limit for phosphorus is not to be less than 0.040; (d) for carbon steels that are required to be resulfurized, the
specified minimum limit for sulfur is not to be less than 0.060; (e) for carbon steels that are not required to be rephosphorized or resulfurized, the
specified maximum limit is not to exceed: 0.60 for copper, 0.050 for phosphorus, and 0.060 for sulfur; and (f) for carbon steels that are required to
contain boron, copper, or lead, the specified minimum limit is not to exceed: 0.0005 for boron, 0.35 for copper, and 0.25 for lead.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cast analysis—Deprecated term. Use the preferred term heat analysis.
certificate of compliance, n—in manufactured products, a document that states that the product was manufactured, sampled,
tested, and inspected in accordance with the requirements of the specification (including year of issue) and any other
requirements specified in the purchase order or contract, and has been found to meet such requirements.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.92
on Terminology.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009.April 15, 2010. Published JanuaryMay 2010. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2009as
A941–09.A941–09a. DOI: 10.1520/A0941-09a.10.1520/A0941-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standar
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A941–09a Designation: A941 – 10
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
1.2 WhenatermisusedinanASTMdocumentforwhichCommitteeA01isresponsible,itisincludedhereinonlywhenjudged,
after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional
information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of
identical terms in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions of General Terms:
age hardening, n—see precipitation hardening.
alloy steel, n—a steel, other than a stainless steel, that conforms to a specification that requires one or more of the following
elements, by mass percent, to have a minimum content equal to or greater than: 0.30 for aluminum; 0.0008 for boron; 0.30 for
chromium; 0.30 for cobalt; 0.40 for copper; 0.40 for lead; 1.65 for manganese; 0.08 for molybdenum; 0.30 for nickel; 0.06 for
niobium (columbium); 0.60 for silicon; 0.05 for titanium; 0.30 for tungsten (wolfram); 0.10 for vanadium; 0.05 for zirconium;
or 0.10 for any other alloying element, except sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen.
capped steel, n—a rimmed steel in which, during ingot solidification, the rimming action was limited by mechanical or chemical
means.
carbon steel, n—a steel that conforms to a specification that prescribes a maximum limit, by heat analysis in mass percent, of
not more than: 2.00 for carbon and 1.65 for manganese, but does not prescribe a minimum limit for chromium, cobalt,
molybdenum, nickel, niobium (columbium), tungsten (wolfram), vanadium, or zirconium.
DISCUSSION—Except as required above, it is permissible for carbon steel specifications to prescribe limits (minimum or maximum, or both) for each
specified alloying element, subject to the following restrictions for the heat analysis limits in mass percent: (a) for wrought carbon steel products, the
specified maximum limit is not to exceed: 0.10 for aluminum, 0.60 for silicon, and 0.050 for titanium; (b) for carbon steel castings, the specified
maximum limit is not to exceed: 0.10 for aluminum, 1.00 for silicon, and 0.050 for titanium. (c) for carbon steels that are required to be
rephosphorized, the specified minimum limit for phosphorus is not to be less than 0.040; (d) for carbon steels that are required to be resulfurized, the
specified minimum limit for sulfur is not to be less than 0.060; (e) for carbon steels that are not required to be rephosphorized or resulfurized, the
specified maximum limit is not to exceed: 0.60 for copper, 0.050 for phosphorus, and 0.060 for sulfur; and (f) for carbon steels that are required to
contain boron, copper, or lead, the specified minimum limit is not to exceed: 0.0005 for boron, 0.35 for copper, and 0.25 for lead.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cast analysis—Deprecated term. Use the preferred term heat analysis.
certificate of compliance, n—in manufactured products, a document that states that the product was manufactured, sampled,
tested, and inspected in accordance with the requirements of the specification (including year of issue) and any other
requirements specified in the purchase order or contract, and has been found to meet such requirements.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.92
on Terminology.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009.April 15, 2010. Published JanuaryMay 2010. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2009as
A941–09.A941–09a. DOI: 10.1520/A0941-09a.10.1520/A0941-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standar
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.