Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.  
1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty.  
1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre or kilograms per cubic metre.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific hazard statements, see Note 1.

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Publication Date
09-Apr-1996
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ASTM D5931-96 - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5931 – 96 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant
Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital
Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope used in conjunction with other properties to characterize engine
coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of these
or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous
products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes
engine coolants.
to volumes at the standard temperature of 20°C (68°F).
1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so
dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell
6. Apparatus
cannot be established with certainty.
6.1 Digital Density Analyzer, consisting of a U-shaped,
1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per
oscillating sample tube and a system for electronic excitation,
milliliter or kilograms per cubic meter.
frequency counting, and display. The analyzer must accommo-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
date the accurate measurement of the sample temperature
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
during measurement or must control the sample temperature as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
described in 6.2. The instrument must meet the precision
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
requirements described in this test method.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
6.2 Circulating Constant—Temperature Bath, (optional) ca-
statements, see Note 1.
pable of maintaining the temperature of the circulating liquid
2. Referenced Documents constant to 60.05°C in the desired range. Temperature control
can be maintained as part of the density analyzer instrument
2.1 ASTM Standards:
package.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.3 Syringes, at least 2 mL in volume with a tip or an
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
adapter tip that will fit the opening of the oscillating tube.
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
6.4 Flow-Through or Pressure Adapter, for use as an
3. Terminology
alternative means of introducing the sample into the density
analyzer either by a pump or by vacuum.
3.1 Definitions:
6.5 Thermometer, calibrated and graduated to 0.1°C, with a
3.1.1 relative density, n—the ratio of the density of a
thermometer holder that can be attached to the instrument for
material at a stated temperature to the density of water at the
setting and observing the test temperature. In calibrating the
same stated temperature.
thermometer, the freeze point should be estimated to the
4. Summary of Test Method
nearest 0.05°C.
4.1 A small volume of liquid sample is introduced into an
7. Reagents and Materials
oscillating sample tube, and the change in oscillating frequency
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
caused by the change in the mass of the tube is used in
tests. Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents shall conform to
conjunction with calibration data to determine the density of
the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of
the sample.
the American Chemical Society, where such specifications are
5. Significance and Use
available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.03 on Physical Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Properties. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. MD.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5931
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-
P = barometric pressure, torr.
nation.
9.2.5 Determine the density of water at the temperature of
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
test by reference to Table 1.
to water mean reagent water as defined by Type II of
9.2.6 Using the observed T-values and the reference values
Specification D 1193.
for water and air, calculate the values of the constants A and B
7.3 Water, redistilled, freshly boiled and cooled reagent
using the following equations:
water for use as a primary calibration standard.
2 2
A 5 @T 2 T #/@d 2 d # (2)
w a w a
7.4 Acetone, for flushing and drying the sample tube.
B 5 T 2 ~A 3 d ! (3)
a a
NOTE 1—Warning: Acetone is extremely flammable.
where:
7.5 Dry Air, for drying the oscillator tube.
T = observed period of oscillation for cell containing
w
water,
8. Preparation of Apparatus
T = observed period of oscillation for cell containing air,
a
8.1 Set up the density analyzer and constant temperature
d = density of water at test temperature, °C, and
w
bath following the manufacturer’s instructions. Adjust the bath
d = density of air at test temperature,° C.
a
or internal temperature control so that the desired test tempera-
Alternatively, use the T and d values for the other reference
ture is established and maintained in the sample compartment
liquid if one is used.
of the analyzer. Calibrate the instrument at the same tempera-
9.2.7 If the instrument is equipped to calculate density from
ture at which the density of the sample is to be measured.
the constants A and B and the observed T-value from the
sample, enter the constants in the instrument memory in
NOTE 2—Precise setting and control of the test temperature in the
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
sample tube is extremely important. An error of 1.0°C can result in a
change in density of one in the third decimal place. 9.2.8 Check the calibration and adjust if needed by perform-
ing the routine calibration check described in 9.3.
9. Calibration of Apparatus
9.2.9 To calibrate the instrument to display relative density,
that is, the density of the sample at a given temperature relative
9.1 Calibrate the instrument when first set up and whenever
the test temperature is changed. Thereafter, conduct calibration to the density of water at the same temperature, follow
9.2.1-9.2.7, but substitute 1.000 for d in performing the
checks at weekly intervals during routine operation.
w
calculations described in 9.2.6.
9.2 Initial calibration, or calibration after a change in test
9.3 Weekly calibration adjustments to constants A and B can
temperature, necessitates calculation of the values of the
be made if required without repeating the calculation proce-
constants A and B from the periods of oscillation (T) observed
dure.
when the sample cell contains air and redistilled, freshly boiled
and cooled reagent water.
NOTE 3—The need for a change in calibration generally is attributable
9.2.1 While monitoring the oscillator period, (T), flush the
to deposits in the sample tube that are not removed by the routine flushing
sample tube with distilled water followed by an acetone flush procedure. Although this condition can be compensated for by adjusting A
and B, it is good practice to clean the tube sequentially with water,
and drying with dry air. Contaminated or humid air can affect
petroleum ether, and acetone.
the calibration. When these conditions exist in the laboratory,
pass the air used for calibration through a suitable purification 9.3.1 Flush and dry the sample tube as described in 9.2.1
and drying train. In addition, the inlet and outlet ports for the and allow the display to reach a steady reading. If the display
U-tube must be plugged during measurement of the calibration does not exhibit the correct density for air at the temperature of
air to pre
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