ASTM E662-21ae1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining the specific optical density of the smoke generated by specimens of materials and assemblies under the specified exposure conditions. Values determined by this test are specific to the specimen or assembly in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent fundamental properties of the material tested. Thus, it is likely that closely repeatable or reproducible experimental results are not to be expected from tests of a given material when specimen thickness, density, or other variables are involved.
5.2 The photometric scale used to measure smoke by this test method is similar to the optical density scale for human vision. However, physiological aspects associated with vision are not measured by this test method. Correlation with measurements by other test methods has not been established.5
5.3 At the present time no basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other fire conditions.
5.4 The test method is of a complex nature and the data obtained are sensitive to variations which in other test methods might be considered to be insignificant (see Section 6). A precision statement based on the results of a round-robin test by a prior draft version of this test method is given in 14.1
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).
1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion.
1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:E662 −21a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid
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Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
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ε NOTE—In 7.1.2.1(2), the temperature tolerance was corrected to 5 °F and in Note 2, the degree symbol was removed
from °K in September 2021.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of
the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid
2. Referenced Documents
materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).
C1186Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets
1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam
C1288Specification for Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate
by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating
Sheets
within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decom-
D2843Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning
position and flaming combustion.
or Decomposition of Plastics
1.3 Resultsareexpressedintermsofspecificopticaldensity
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured
E662Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentra-
Generated by Solid Materials
tion of smoke.
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2.2 ANSI/AHA:
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
A135.4Basic Hardboard
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3. Terminology
and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms found in this test
1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of
method refer to Terminology E176.
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
4. Summary of Test Method
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
4.1 This test method employs an electrically heated radiant-
materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
energy source mounted within an insulated ceramic tube and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
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positioned so as to produce an irradiance level of 2.2 Btu/s·ft
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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(2.5 W/cm ) averaged over the central 1.5-in. (38.1 mm)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
diameter area of a vertically mounted specimen facing the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
radiant heater. The nominal 3 by 3-in. (76.2 by 76.2 mm)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimen is mounted within a holder which exposes an area
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
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measuring 2 ⁄16 by 2 ⁄16 in. (65.1 by 65.1 mm). The holder is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
able to accommodate specimens up to 1 in. (25.4 mm) thick.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
This exposure provides the nonflaming condition of the test.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Combustion Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E662–21. DOI: American HardboardAssociation, 1210 West Northwest Highway, Palatine, IL
10.1520/E0662-21AE01. 60067, United States.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E662−21a
4.2 For the flaming condition, a six-tube burner is used to men falling out of the holder
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