EN ISO 15536-2:2007

Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 2: Verification of functions and validation of dimensions for computer manikin systems (ISO 15536-2:2007)

ISO 15536-2:2007 establishes the requirements for the verification of the functions and validation of dimensions of computer manikins. These requirements concern the documentation of the data employed to construct computer manikins and the methods employed to verify and validate their functions with regards to their dimensional accuracy.
ISO 15536-2:2007 extends to anthropometric and biomechanical data and to software functions as they are applied to create computer manikins. Although this document primarily refers to anthropometric data and methods, some biomechanical parameters are required to build and apply computer manikins and are therefore included.
ISO 15536-2:2007 provides a framework for reporting computer manikin accuracy and human-source data. The standard is intended to enable even non-specialist users of the manikin systems to independently perform measurements of each function under field testing conditions using automated software tools provided by developers.
It is not intended to require developers to perform specific verification and validation of their manikin systems.

Ergonomie - Computer-Manikins und Körperumriss-Schablonen - Teil 2: Prüfung der Funktionen und Validierung der Maße von Computer-Manikin-Systemen (ISO 15536-2:2007)

Dieser Teil von ISO 15536 legt die Anforderungen für die Prüfung der Funktionen und die Verifizierung der Maße von Computer-Manikins fest. Diese Anforderungen betreffen die Dokumentation der Daten, die zur Konstruktion von Computer-Manikins verwendet werden, und die zur Prüfung und Validierung ihrer Funktionen hinsichtlich ihrer Maßgenauigkeit verwendeten Verfahren.
Dieser Teil von ISO 15536 bezieht anthropometrische und biomechanische Daten und Softwarefunktionen ein, soweit sie zur Schaffung von Computer-Manikins angewendet werden. Obgleich sich dieses Dokument in erster Linie auf anthropometrische Daten und Verfahren bezieht, sind für Aufbau und Anwendung von Computer-Manikins einige biomechanische Parameter erforderlich und sind deshalb einbezogen.
Dieser Teil von ISO 15536 liefert einen Rahmen für das Berichten der Genauigkeit des Computer-Manikins und von vom Menschen abgeleiteten Daten. Es ist die Absicht der Norm selbst nicht spezialisierte Anwender von Manikinsystemen zu befähigen, unter Prüfbedingungen des Feldversuchs unabhängig Messungen jeder Funktion durchzuführen, wobei sie von den Entwicklern gelieferte automatisierte Software-Hilfsmittel verwenden.
Es ist nicht die Absicht, von den Entwicklern zu fordern ihre Manikinsysteme zu verifizieren und zu validieren.

Ergonomie - Mannequins informatisés et gabarits humains - Partie 2: Vérification des fonctions et validation des dimensions pour les systèmes de mannequins informatisés (ISO 15536-2:2007)

L'ISO 15536-2:2007 fixe les exigences requises pour la vérification des fonctions et pour la validation des dimensions des mannequins informatisés. Ces exigences concernent la documentation des données utilisées pour construire les mannequins et les méthodes mises en oeuvre pour vérifier et pour valider leurs fonctions par rapport à leur degré de précision dimensionnelle.
L'ISO 15536-2:2007 traite des données anthropométriques et biomécaniques et des fonctions logicielles, telles qu'elles sont appliquées pour la création des mannequins informatisés. Bien qu'elle se réfère principalement aux méthodes et aux données anthropométriques, elle comprend un certain nombre de paramètres biomécaniques, ceux-ci étant en effet nécessaires à la construction des mannequins et aux applications auxquelles ils sont destinés.
L'ISO 15536-2:2007 fournit un cadre pour la notation de la validité des mannequins informatisés et des données concernant la source humaine. Elle est destinée à permettre à des utilisateurs, même non spécialistes des systèmes de mannequins, d'effectuer de manière indépendante des mesurages de chacune des fonctions dans les conditions d'essai sur le terrain, en utilisant les outils logiciels automatisés fournis par les développeurs.
L'ISO 15536-2:2007 n'a pas pour but d'obliger les développeurs à effectuer une vérification et une validation spécifiques de leurs systèmes de mannequins.

Ergonomija - Računalniški modeli in šablone človeškega telesa - 2. del: Preskus ustreznosti in preverjanje mer za računalniške sisteme z modeli človeškega telesa (ISO 15536-2:2007)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2007
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Sep-2007
• ICS: 13.180 - Ergonomics
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 122 - Ergonomics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 122/WG 1 - Anthropometry
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 01-Mar-2007
• Completion Date: 01-Mar-2007
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 15536-2:2007 - Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 2: Verification of functions and validation of dimensions for computer manikin systems (ISO 15536-2:2007)

Overview

EN ISO 15536-2:2007 - Ergonomics: Computer manikins and body templates - Part 2 - defines requirements for the verification of functions and validation of dimensions of computer manikin systems. Published under ISO in collaboration with CEN, this standard specifies how developers must document the anthropometric and biomechanical data and provide methods and tools that allow users to assess manikin accuracy under normal (field-testing) conditions. The aim is to enable even non‑specialist users to measure and report dimensional accuracy using automated software tools supplied with manikin systems.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope: Applies to anthropometric and selected biomechanical parameters used to create computer manikins and body templates.
• Manikin verification: Developers must list and describe each manikin function (e.g., reach, interference analyses) in the digital user documentation, including intended purpose and boundary conditions.
• Verification examples: Each function must be accompanied by at least one example that lets users input representative values and observe outputs.
• User reporting: Systems must provide a means to electronically record and automatically generate standard-format test reports containing input values and function outputs.
• Source data documentation: Parameters used by manikin functions must be documented with name, units, descriptions, sampling method and sample demographics.
• Validation of dimensions: Requirements cover methods to measure dimensional accuracy and repeatability (including static functions) and reporting of test results so users can assess manikin performance for their application.
• Supporting material: Informative annexes include recommended nomenclature for joint movements and a static-test protocol; normative references include ISO 7250, ISO 15535 and ISO 15536-1.

Applications and who should use it

EN ISO 15536-2:2007 is practical for:

• Ergonomists and human factors engineers assessing tool accuracy for design analysis.
• Product and vehicle designers performing clearance analyses and posture simulations who need to validate manikin dimensions.
• Software developers and vendors of computer manikin systems to meet documentation and user-testability requirements.
• Health & safety professionals using manikins for workspace design, equipment layout or simulation-based assessments.

Benefits include transparent reporting of manikin validation, improved confidence in anthropometric and biomechanical modelling, and the ability for non-specialists to perform repeatable field tests.

Related standards

• ISO 15536-1:2005 - Computer manikins: general requirements
• ISO 7250:1996 - Basic human body measurements for technological design
• ISO 15535 - Requirements for establishing anthropometric databases

Keywords: EN ISO 15536-2:2007, computer manikins, manikin verification, manikin validation, anthropometric data, biomechanical data, ergonomics standard, manikin accuracy, digital user documentation.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2007
(UJRQRPLMD5DþXQDOQLãNLPRGHOLLQãDEORQHþORYHãNHJDWHOHVDGHO3UHVNXV
XVWUH]QRVWLLQSUHYHUMDQMHPHU]DUDþXQDOQLãNHVLVWHPH]PRGHOLþORYHãNHJDWHOHVD
,62
Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 2: Verification of functions
and validation of dimensions for computer manikin systems (ISO 15536-2:2007)
Ergonomie - Computer-Manikins und Körperumriss-Schablonen - Teil 2: Prüfung der
Funktionen und Validierung der Maße von Computer-Manikin-Systemen (ISO 15536-
2:2007)
Ergonomie - Mannequins informatisés et gabarits humains - Partie 2: Vérification des
fonctions et validation des dimensions pour les systemes de mannequins informatisés
(ISO 15536-2:2007)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15536-2:2007
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 15536-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2007
ICS 13.180
English Version
Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 2:
Verification of functions and validation of dimensions for
computer manikin systems (ISO 15536-2:2007)
Ergonomie - Mannequins informatisés et gabarits humains Ergonomie - Computer-Manikins und Körperumriss-
- Partie 2: Vérification des fonctions et validation des Schablonen - Teil 2: Prüfung der Funktionen und
dimensions pour les systèmes de mannequins informatisés Validierung der Maße von Computer-Manikin-Systemen
(ISO 15536-2:2007) (ISO 15536-2:2007)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 February 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15536-2:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 15536-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 "Ergonomics", the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2007.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15536-2
First edition
2007-03-01
Ergonomics — Computer manikins and
body templates —
Part 2:
Verification of functions and validation of
dimensions for computer manikin
systems
Ergonomie — Mannequins informatisés et gabarits humains —
Partie 2: Vérification des fonctions et validation des dimensions pour les
systèmes de mannequins informatisés

Reference number
ISO 15536-2:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
ISO 15536-2:2007(E)
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

ISO 15536-2:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Requirements for computer manikin verification. 3
4.1 General. 3
4.2 Listing of functions. 3
4.3 Description of functions. 3
4.4 Verification of functions — Examples supplied by developers. 3
4.5 Verification of functions — Enabling manikin system user to record/report performance. 3
5 Requirements for documenting source data . 3
5.1 Listing of parameters . 3
5.2 Parameter description. 3
5.3 Sampling method. 4
5.4 Sample demographics. 4
6 Requirements for computer manikin validation . 4
6.1 General requirements. 4
6.2 Static functions . 5
6.3 Reporting test results. 6
Annex A (informative) Recommended nomenclature and definitions of joint movements for
modelling humans . 7
Annex B (informative) Static-test protocol . 16
Bibliography . 17

ISO 15536-2:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15536-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3,
Anthropometry and biomechanics.
ISO 15536-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics,
Subcommittee SC 3, Anthropometry and biomechanics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 15536 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics — Computer manikins and body
templates:
⎯ Part 1: General requirements
⎯ Part 2: Verification of functions and validation of dimensions for computer manikin systems

iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

ISO 15536-2:2007(E)
Introduction
In order to apply computer manikins with confidence and trust to equipment design, designers need to know
the accuracy and reliability of these tools. The needed accuracy depends on the purpose of their use. Some
designers need high degrees of accuracy (e.g. quantitative clearance analyses), while others need less (e.g.
training simulations). A method of checking the basic degree of accuracy is given in ISO 15536-1:2005. It is
based on the comparison between anthropometric data used in creation of the manikin and the corresponding
measurements taken from the manikin itself. These data and measurements apply to the standardized
measurement postures only, i.e. standing and sitting (see ISO 7250:1996).
However, computer manikins are used to simulate a wider range of human postures and movements during
equipment design than standardized postures, and it is essential that designers know the level of their
anthropometric accuracy also in these conditions. Moreover, problems arise when trying to assess the
accuracy and repeatability of computer manikins and their associated applications because of the many
anthropometric and biomechanical parameters used in constructing them. Many specialized tests are required
to accurately measure every possible size, shape and working posture that people can exhibit. This problem is
further compounded when manikin data or algorithms are changed, requiring additional tests assessing their
dimensional accuracy.
Because it is not economically feasible for one organization to test every manikin parameter under every
possible test condition, developers and users need to share the responsibility for assessing computer manikin
accuracy. Developers may test manikin system accuracy for the most common situations, but it is essential
that the users be provided with the means to test the accuracy and repeatability of manikin systems for their
specific applications, too. Therefore, users need to measure manikin accuracy for their specific applications
and developers need to provide computer manikins and simple processes for measuring and assessing
manikin accuracy.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15536-2:2007(E)

Ergonomics — Computer manikins and body templates —
Part 2:
Verification of functions and validation of dimensions for
computer manikin systems
1 Scope
This part of ISO 15536 establishes the requirements for the verification of the functions and validation of
dimensions of computer manikins. These requirements concern the documentation of the data employed to
construct computer manikins and the methods employed to verify and validate their functions with regards to
their dimensional accuracy.
This part of ISO 15536 extends to anthropometric and biomechanical data and to software functions as they
are applied to create computer manikins. Although this document primarily refers to anthropometric data and
methods, some biomechanical parameters are required to build and apply computer manikins and are
therefore included.
This part of ISO 15536 provides a framework for reporting computer manikin accuracy and human-source
data. The standard is intended to enable even non-specialist users of the manikin systems to independently
perform measurements of each function under field testing conditions using automated software tools
provided by developers.
It is not intended to require developers to perform specific verification and validation of their manikin systems.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments).
ISO 7250:1996, Basic human body measurements for technological design
ISO 15535, General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases
ISO 15536-1:2005, Ergonomics — Computer manikins and body templates — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 15536-2:2007(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15536-1 and the following apply.
3.1
manikin accuracy
manikin accuracy refers to the precision with which a computer manikin system reproduces the size, shape,
posture, angles, movement paths and other geometric characteristics of the individual from whom the
measurements were taken
3.2
developer
company, institution or individual who develops computer manikin systems
3.3
field-testing conditions
conditions in which the user of the manikin system normally works, typically consisting of a computer
workstation in an office environment, and where highly specialized anthropometric and biomechanical
laboratory tools and support personnel are assumed to be unavailable
3.4
manikin function
capability of the computer manikin software system to simulate some characteristic, activity or condition of the
human body
3.5
measurement landmarks
points located and placed on the human body’s surface or on a computer manikin, used for measurement of
distance or displacement
3.6
repeatability
extent to which the values of a dimension measured more than once on the same subject are the same
NOTE A completely repeatable function would have a standard deviation of zero.
3.7
manikin verification
activity of confirming that computer manikin functions work as described
3.8
manikin validation
activity of measuring computer manikin accuracy
NOTE For the definition of manikin accuracy, see 3.1.
3.9
digital user documentation
electronic reference material included with the computer manikin system that can be accessed while using the
software
2 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

ISO 15536-2:2007(E)
4 Requirements for computer manikin verification
4.1 General
The requirements specified in 4.2 to 4.5 are given to enable non-specialist users of a manikin system to
independently measure the accuracy of manikin dimensions and to verify the manikin’s functions under
field-testing conditions using automated software tools provided by manikin system developers.
4.2 Listing of functions
Each computer manikin function identified as being provided by the developer (e.g. interference or reach
analyses) shall be listed in a table labelled “List of functions”. The list shall be accessible from the digital user
documentation.
4.3 Description of functions
A description of each computer manikin function, listed in the “List of functions” table, shall be provided in the
digital user documentation. The description shall include the function’s intended purpose and boundary
conditions of appropriate use.
4.4 Verification of functions — Examples supplied by developers
Each computer manikin function listed in the “List of functions” table shall be accompanied in the digital user
documentation by at least one example illustrating and simulating its operation. The example shall permit
users to input representative values and observe corresponding output performance.
4.5 Verification of functions — Enabling manikin system user to record/report performance
The user of the system shall be provided with a means to electronically record and report the performance of
each function, as defined in 4.3, in a standard digital format suitable for output to standard printing devices. A
means shall be provided for automatically generating a report each time a function is tested. The report shall
include the values input by the user and the function’s output performance.
5 Requirements for documenting source data
5.1 Listing of parameters
Each computer manikin function that employs measurements of human characteristics shall identify the
parameter’s name and units of measurement. Each parameter shall be listed by name in a table labelled
“List of human data parameters” and be accessible from the digital user documentation.
5.2 Parameter description
Each data parameter listed in the “List of human data parameters” table shall be accompanied in the user
documentation by a description of its statistical characteristics and method of measurement. The
nomenclature, landmarks and measurement methods of ISO 7250 shall be employed, where appropriate.
The statistical description of each parameter in the human data set shall include its source, sample size,
st th th th th
minimum and maximum values, mean, mode, standard deviation, and 1 , 5 , 50 , 95 , 99 percentile
values; if information is not available, this shall be stated explicitly. If the data parameter is from a publicly
available data set, the source publication shall be referenced.
ISO 15536-2:2007(E)
5.3 Sampling method
Each data parameter listed in the “List of human data parameters” table shall describe the methods employed
to sample (select) individuals from the subject population for measurement; if the information is not available,
this shall be stated explicitly.
5.4 Sample demographics
Each data parameter listed in the “List of human data parameters” table shall identify the sex and age of the
individuals measured in accordance with ISO 15535; if the information is not available, this shall be stated
explicitly. If population segments, occupation, or other demographic variables are used to define model
parameters, they shall also be listed.
6 Requirements for computer manikin validation
6.1 General requirements
Automated software tools shall be provided to support the measurement and reporting of manikin system
accuracy and repeatability by users under field-testing conditions.
In order for a specific manikin funct
...