EN 13115:2020
(Main)Windows - Classification of mechanical properties - Racking, torsion and operating forces
General Information
- Abstract
This document provides a means of classifying the performance of opening windows according to their strength in resisting, where appropriate, racking load, static torsion and their manual operating forces. Special aspects such as those of burglar resistance are not covered. 1)
1) Effects on other criteria, such as air permeability, are not addressed by EN 13115.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 25-Aug-2020
- Withdrawal Date
- 27-Feb-2021
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 33 - Doors, windows, shutters and building hardware
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 33/WG 1/2 - Windows and doors
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 05-Mar-2026
- Completion Date
- 02-Sep-2026
Overview
EN 13115:2020 - Windows: Classification of mechanical properties - Racking, torsion and operating forces (CEN) defines a standardized way to classify the mechanical performance of opening windows. The standard covers resistance to racking loads, static torsion and manual operating forces for various window types. It does not address special aspects such as burglar resistance or effects on other criteria (for example, air permeability).
Key topics and requirements
- Scope: Classification of opening windows according to mechanical strength and manual operating effort. Sliding windows have specific rules.
- Referenced test methods:
- EN 14608 - Determination of the resistance to racking
- EN 14609 - Determination of the resistance to static torsion
- EN 12046-1 - Operating forces - Test method (windows)
- EN 12519 - Windows and pedestrian doors - Terminology
- Operating forces:
- Windows (excluding vertical sliding) are classified by maximum hardware and hand-operated forces/torques into classes (e.g., Class 0, 1, 2) based on threshold values. The highest average measured force/torque defines the operating-force classification.
- Racking and static torsion:
- All openable windows are tested for resistance to racking (EN 14608). Static torsion testing (EN 14609) applies to non-sliding casements.
- Classification for mechanical strength uses ascending force thresholds (Class 0 up to Class 4). For example, racking classes range from <200 N (Class 0) to 800 N (Class 4); static torsion classes range from <200 N to 350 N.
- The lowest average measured value from the relevant tests determines the overall racking/torsion classification.
- Special cases:
- Sliding windows: tested for racking and operating forces only.
- Secondary sashes/casements (cleaning/maintenance mode): testing limited to 100 N for certain cases, per the standard.
Practical applications and users
- Who uses EN 13115:2020:
- Window and façade manufacturers developing product datasheets and CE marking evidence
- Independent test laboratories conducting EN 14608 / EN 14609 / EN 12046-1 tests
- Specifiers, architects and façade engineers selecting windows for performance requirements
- Building authorities and procurement teams requiring mechanical classification in tender documents
- Why it matters:
- Provides objective, repeatable classifications for mechanical strength and ease of operation
- Helps ensure safety, durability and usability of window products across projects
- Facilitates market comparison and regulatory compliance within CEN member states
Related standards
- EN 14608, EN 14609, EN 12046-1, EN 12519 - all referenced by EN 13115:2020 for test methods and terminology. EN 13115:2020 supersedes EN 13115:2001 and is part of the CEN window standards series.
Keywords: EN 13115:2020, window classification, racking, static torsion, operating forces, window testing, CEN, mechanical properties of windows.
Relations
- Effective Date
- 24-May-2017
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 13115:2020 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Windows - Classification of mechanical properties - Racking, torsion and operating forces". This standard covers: This document provides a means of classifying the performance of opening windows according to their strength in resisting, where appropriate, racking load, static torsion and their manual operating forces. Special aspects such as those of burglar resistance are not covered. 1) 1) Effects on other criteria, such as air permeability, are not addressed by EN 13115.
This document provides a means of classifying the performance of opening windows according to their strength in resisting, where appropriate, racking load, static torsion and their manual operating forces. Special aspects such as those of burglar resistance are not covered. 1) 1) Effects on other criteria, such as air permeability, are not addressed by EN 13115.
EN 13115:2020 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.060.50 - Doors and windows. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 13115:2020 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 13115:2001, EN 14608:2004, EN 14609:2004, EN 12519:2018, EN 12046-1:2020, EN 13420:2011, EN 14351-1:2006+A2:2016, EN 12400:2002, EN 14351-1:2006+A1:2010. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 13115:2020 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 305/2011. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
EN 13115:2020 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.