FprEN 17616

Outdoor candles - Specification for fire safety

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be burned outdoors.
Sticks wrapped with fuel-soaked materials, such as paper, cardboard or fabric, oil lamps on a stick and products intended to be used professionally to protect vineyards or fruit orchards from frost damages are not covered by this document.

Kerzen für den Außenbereich - Spezifikation für die Feuersicherheit

Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für die Feuersicherheit von Kerzen fest, die für den Abbrand im Außenbereich bestimmt sind.
Stäbe, die mit Materialien wie Papier, Karton oder Stoff, die in Brennmasse getränkt sind, umwickelt sind, Öllampen auf einem Stab und Produkte, die zum gewerbsmäßigen Schutz von Weinbergen oder Obstplantagen vor Frostschäden bestimmt sind, sind von diesem Dokument nicht abgedeckt.

Bougies d'extérieur - Spécifications relatives à la sécurité incendie

Le présent document spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d'essai relatives à la sécurité contre les risques d'incendie des bougies destinées à un usage extérieur.
Les bâtons enveloppés de matériaux imbibés de carburant, tels que le papier, le carton ou le tissu, les lampes à huile sur un bâton et les produits destinés à être utilisés professionnellement pour protéger les vignobles ou les vergers des dommages causés par le gel ne sont pas couverts par le présent document.

Zunanje sveče - Specifikacija za požarno varnost

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• ICS: 97.180 - Miscellaneous domestic and commercial equipment
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 369 - Project Committee - Candle fire safety
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 369 - Project Committee - Candle fire safety
• Current Stage: 6055 - CEN Ratification completed (DOR) - Publishing
• Due Date: 23-Aug-2021
• Completion Date: 23-Aug-2021
• Ref Project: kSIST FprEN 17616:2021 - Outdoor candles - Specification for fire safety

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17616:2021
01-januar-2021
Zunanje sveče - Specifikacija za požarno varnost
Outdoor candles - Specification for fire safety
Kerzen für den Außenbereich - Spezifikation für die Feuersicherheit
Bougies d'extérieur - Spécifications relatives à la sécurité incendie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17616
ICS:
13.220.01 Varstvo pred požarom na Protection against fire in
splošno general
97.180 Razna oprema za dom in Miscellaneous domestic and
trgovino commercial equipment
oSIST prEN 17616:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 17616:2021
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oSIST prEN 17616:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17616
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2020
ICS 71.100.99; 97.180
English Version
Outdoor candles - Specification for fire safety

Bougies d'extérieur - Spécifications relatives à la Kerzen für den Außenbereich - Spezifikation für die

sécurité incendie Feuersicherheit

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 369.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17616:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 17616:2021
prEN 17616:2020 (E)
Contents Page

European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Safety requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 6

4.1 Container candles ........................................................................................................................................... 6

4.2 Freestanding candles ..................................................................................................................................... 7

4.3 Garden torches ................................................................................................................................................. 7

4.4 Floating candles ............................................................................................................................................... 8

5 Test equipment and apparatus .................................................................................................................. 8

6 Sampling ............................................................................................................................................................. 8

7 Sample preparation ....................................................................................................................................... 8

8 General test conditions ................................................................................................................................. 9

9 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.1 General................................................................................................................................................................ 9

9.2 Stability test ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.3 Burning test ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.4 Surface temperature test below container candles ......................................................................... 10

9.5 Flammability test of containers ............................................................................................................... 11

9.6 Calculation of wind resistance of container candles ........................................................................ 12

10 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................... 13

Annex A (informative) Background of calculation of wind resistance of container candles............ 14

Annex B (informative) Guidance for measuring the perpendicular cross-sectional area of

container candles facing the wind for different shapes of container candles ........................ 16

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 17

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oSIST prEN 17616:2021
prEN 17616:2020 (E)
European foreword

This document (prEN 17616:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 369 “Candle

fire safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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oSIST prEN 17616:2021
prEN 17616:2020 (E)
Introduction

Candles have accompanied mankind for more than 2 000 years serving above all as a light source.

Closely connected to the development history of the candle are the efforts made to improve its quality

and its safety in use. Fires caused by unsafe candles and/or inappropriate use during the burning of

candles have led to consumer concern for these issues.

This document helps to ensure a reasonable degree of safety during use, thereby improving personal

safety and reducing the risk of fires, deaths and injuries.
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oSIST prEN 17616:2021
prEN 17616:2020 (E)
1 Scope

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be

burned outdoors.

Sticks wrapped with fuel-soaked materials, such as paper, cardboard or fabric, oil lamps on a stick and

products intended to be used professionally to protect vineyards or fruit orchards from frost damages

are not covered by this document.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

prEN 17617:2020, Outdoor candles - Product safety labels
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
burning period
time the candle burns from being lit initially until it is extinguished
[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.3]
3.2
burn test cycle
total time of a burning period and pause
[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.4]
3.3
candle

one or more combustible wicks supported by a material that constitutes a fuel, which is solid or

semisolid at room temperature (20 °C to 27 °C) with the main function of sustaining a light-producing

flame, including any coatings on and articles or substances in the fuel
[SOURCE: EN 15426:2018, 3.2]
3.4
container candle
candle that is produced and used in the same container

Note 1 to entry: The material of the container can be e.g. ceramic, concrete, glass, metal, plastic or any bi-

component material for example.

[SOURCE: EN 15426:2018, 3.3, modified – Note 1 “This definition includes tea lights” is replaced]

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3.5
flame height
base of the flame to the top of the flame
[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.7]
3.6
flare-up

condition where the vapours of the base material ignite over the entire fuel pool

3.7
floating candle

candle intended and designed for use in a suitable bowl or container filled with water

[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.8]
3.8
freestanding candle
candle that is designed to be used without a supporting holder
[SOURCE: EN 15426:2018, 3.4]
3.9
garden torch

stick with a candle fixed on top which is planted in the ground or set up in a stable manner with a

support

Note 1 to entry: Sticks wrapped with fuel-soaked materials such as paper, cardboard or fabric as well as oil

lamps on a stick are not considered as garden torches.
3.10
grave light

container candle intended to be used unattended only at cemeteries on or close to graves

Note 1 to entry: Usually, a wind protection like a lid is present to prevent extinguishing or without lid when

intended to be placed in a lantern.
3.11
outdoor candle
candle intended and designed to be used outside buildings in the open air
4 Safety requirements
4.1 Container candles

4.1.1 The candle shall not tip over when tested on a slope of (10 ± 0,2)° according to 9.2.

4.1.2 The wind resistance shall have a value > 1 when calculated according to 9.6.

NOTE A wind velocity of 3 m/s is used for the calculation.

Container candles that do not comply may still be marketed if they show appropriate safety information

(see prEN 17617:2020, Figure 10).
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If the requirement is not met it is recommended that appropriate sturdy stands in which the candles

can be placed are offered for sale in conjunction with the candles.

4.1.3 The temperature at the surface below the container shall not exceed 350 °C when tested

according to 9.4.

The temperature limit is supposed to avoid fire if containers are burned on a wood surface without a

heat resistant base, not to avoid damage to the surface. If the objective is to avoid damage to the surface,

e.g. scorch marks, the manufacturer should aim for much lower temperatures.

4.1.4 No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s, when the candle is burning according to

9.3. At the end of burning, when there is only a small amount of molten base material left, there may be

a flare-up for maximum 5 min, provided that this does not pose any risk to the surroundings.

4.1.5 The container shall not ignite or break when tested according to 9.3.

4.1.6 The container shall not burn for longer than 15 s on average and 30 s in any individual test

when tested according to 9.5. The container shall not be completely burned away during testing.

NOTE The clamped part of the container is not taken into account to evaluate complete burning away.

Containers constructed exclusively of non-combustible materials (e.g. ceramic, metal, glass, terracotta) are

assumed to fulfil the requirement without testing.

Containers of grave lights are exempted from this requirement provided that they show clear indication

that they are only intended to be used at cemeteries (see prEN 17617:2020, Figure 8).

4.1.7 After extinguishing, the candle shall not spontaneously re-light.
4.2 Freestanding candles

4.2.1 Freestanding candles shall not tip over when tested on a slope of (10 ± 0,2)° according to 9.2.

4.2.2 No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s when the candle is burning according to

9.3.
4.2.3 After extinguishing, the candle shall not spontaneously re-light.
4.3 Garden torches
4.3.1 Garden torches shall be designed to be set up and stay in a stable manner.

4.3.2 No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s when the garden torch is burning

according to 9.3.

4.3.3 No burning or smoldering material shall fall from garden torches. The garden torch shall neither

burn paper placed underneath nor cause any scorch marks on it during the whole burning test

according to 9.3.
NOTE Dripping base material that does not burn is not considered.

4.3.4 The candle placed on a stick shall also meet the requirements relevant for the respective candle

type, except stability (see 4.1 and 4.2).
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4.4 Floating candles

4.4.1 No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s when the candle is burning according

to 9.3.
4.4.2 After extinguishing, the candle shall not spontaneously re-light.
5 Test equipment and apparatus

5.1 Incline plane (fixed or adjustable) with an angle of (10 ± 0,2)° from a horizontal level.

5.2 Measuring device, non-flammable with millimetre grading.
5.3 Stop watch
5.4 Brick, solid with a density of (2 000 ± 200) kg/m .

NOTE The specific heat capacity of a burnt brick is about 900 J/(kg K) and the thermal conductivity is about

0,35 W/(m K).
5.5 Thermocouple, class 1 K-type thermocouple, thickness 0,5 mm.
5.6 Data collector, computer c
...