EN 12390-18:2021

Testing hardened concrete - Part 18: Determination of the chloride migration coefficient

This document specifies the procedure for obtaining the non-steady-state chloride migration coefficient of specimens of hardened concrete at a specified age (see Annex A). The test procedure does not take into account any interaction of concrete with the saline solution over time. The test result is a durability indicator with respect to the resistance of the concrete investigated against chloride penetration.
The test procedure does not apply to concrete specimens with surface treatments such as silanes.
If the aggregate or any other embedded elements (such as metallic fibres or conducting particles) are electrically conductive, this will influence the magnitude of chloride migration. This fact is taken into account when establishing threshold values. It prevents comparison of chloride migration values between concretes if the aggregates induce a difference of half an order of magnitude (higher or lower) of chloride migration.

Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 18: Bestimmung des Chloridmigrationskoeffizienten

Dieses Dokument legt das Verfahren für den Erhalt des instationären Chloridmigrationskoeffizienten von Festbetonprobekörpern eines bestimmten Alters fest (siehe Anhang A). Das Prüfverfahren berücksichtigt keine Wechselwirkung von Beton mit der Kochsalzlösung über die Zeit. Das Prüfergebnis ist ein Dauerhaftig¬keitsindikator in Bezug auf den Widerstand des untersuchten Betons gegen das Eindringen von Chlorid.
Das Prüfverfahren gilt nicht für Betonprobekörper mit Oberflächenbehandlungen wie Silanen.
Wenn die Gesteinskörnung oder andere eingeschlossene Elemente (wie etwa Metallfasern oder leitfähige Teile) elektrisch leitfähig sind, wird dies die Größenordnung der Chloridmigration beeinflussen. Dieser Umstand wird bei der Festlegung von Grenzwerten berücksichtigt. Es verhindert den Vergleich von Chloridmigra¬tionswerten zwischen Betonen, wenn die Gesteinskörnungen eine Differenz von einer halben Größen¬ordnung (höher oder niedriger) der Chloridmigration verursachen.

Essais pour béton durci - Partie 18 : Détermination du coefficient de migration des chlorures

Le présent document spécifie le mode opératoire permettant d’obtenir le coefficient de migration des chlorures en régime non stationnaire d’éprouvettes de béton durci à un âge spécifié (voir Annexe A). Ce mode opératoire d’essai ne prend pas en compte l’interaction du béton avec la solution saline au cours du temps. Le résultat d’essai est un indicateur de durabilité en ce qui concerne la résistance du béton étudié à la pénétration des chlorures.
Le mode opératoire d’essai ne s’applique pas aux éprouvettes de béton ayant subi des traitements de surface, par exemple à base de silanes.
Si le granulat ou tout autre élément incorporé (notamment des fibres métalliques ou des particules conductrices) sont électriquement conducteurs, cela va influer sur l’ampleur de la migration des chlorures. Ce fait est pris en compte lors de l’établissement des valeurs seuils. En effet, la comparaison des valeurs de migration des chlorures entre les bétons est impossible si les granulats induisent une différence d’un demi-ordre de grandeur (en plus ou en moins) en matière de migration des chlorures.

Preskušanje strjenega betona - 18. del: Določanje koeficienta migracije klorida

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 16-Mar-2021
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Apr-2025
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 104 - Concrete ( performance, production, placing and compliance criteria )
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 104/SC 1 - Revision of ENV 206
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 16-Oct-2024
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 12390-18:2021 - Testing hardened concrete - Part 18: Determination of the chloride migration coefficient

Relations

• Merged Into: EN 12390-18:2021+A1:2024 - Testing hardened concrete - Part 18: Determination of the chloride migration coefficient
• Effective Date: 31-Jul-2024
• Amended By: EN 12390-18:2021/FprA1 - Testing hardened concrete - Part 18: Determination of the chloride migration coefficient
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2021
Preskušanje strjenega betona - 18. del: Določanje koeficienta migracije klorida
Testing hardened concrete - Part 18: Determination of the chloride migration coefficient
Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 18: Bestimmung des Chloridmigrationskoeffizienten
Essai sur béton durci - Partie 18: Détermination du coefficient de migration des chlorures
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12390-18:2021
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 12390-18
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.100.30
English Version
Testing hardened concrete - Part 18: Determination of the
chloride migration coefficient
Essais pour béton durci - Partie 18 : Détermination du Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 18: Bestimmung des
coefficient de migration des chlorures Chloridmigrationskoeffizienten
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12390-18:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Symbols . 5
5 Principle . 5
6 Apparatus and equipment . 5
7 Preparation of specimens . 8
7.1 Preparing sub-specimens . 8
7.2 Preparing test specimens . 9
8 Procedure. 9
8.1 Installation of the test specimens in the migration cell . 9
8.2 Installation of the migration cell in the migration apparatus . 9
8.3 Test procedure . 10
9 Test evaluation . 13
9.1 Determination of the mean and maximum penetration depth . 13
9.2 Determination of the chloride migration coefficient M . 13
nss
10 Variations of the procedure . 14
10.1 Specimens of sprayed mortar and sprayed concrete . 14
11 Report . 14
12 Precision estimate . 15

Annex A (informative) Background to chloride migration testing . 17
Bibliography . 18

European foreword
This document (EN 12390-18:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete
and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by SN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
A list of all parts in the EN 12390 series, published under the general title “Testing hardened concrete”,
can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies the procedure for obtaining the non-steady-state chloride migration coefficient
of specimens of hardened concrete at a specified age (see Annex A). The test procedure does not take
into account any interaction of concrete with the saline solution over time. The test result is a durability
indicator with respect to the resistance of the concrete investigated against chloride penetration.
The test procedure does not apply to concrete specimens with surface treatments such as silanes.
If the aggregate or any other embedded elements (such as metallic fibres or conducting particles) are
electrically conductive, this will influence the magnitude of chloride migration. This fact is taken into
account when establishing threshold values. It prevents comparison of chloride migration values
between concretes if the aggregates induce a difference of half an order of magnitude (higher or lower)
of chloride migration.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete - Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
EN 14488-1, Testing sprayed concrete - Sampling fresh and hardened concrete
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
migration cell
apparatus for holding a cylindrical test specimen with a lateral sealing of non-conductive material
enabling the test specimen to be exposed on two parallel surfaces to test solutions
3.2
migration test set-up
test container with a migration cell support, migration cell test solutions, sleeve, sleeve clamps,
electrodes and electronics
3.3
migration
movement of ions under the action of an external electrical field
3.4
chloride migration coefficient
transport property which reflects the resistance against chloride penetration under the action of an
externally applied electrical field
4 Symbols
–1
c Chloride concentration at which a colour change occurs, c = 0,07 mol·l
d d
–1
c Chloride concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution (catholyte) [mol·l ]
d, h Diameter and height, respectively, of the cylindrical specimen [m]
−12 2 −1
M Chloride migration coefficient (non steady-state) [× 10 m ·s ]
nss
−1
E Voltage gradient [V·m ]
–1
erf Inverse Error Function
4 –1
F Faraday Constant, F = 9,649 · 10 J · (V·mol)
m Mass of the water-saturated test specimen [kg]
w
–1
R Gas constant, R = 8,314 J · (K·mol)
t Duration of the migration test with an external voltage over the test specimen applied [s]
T Absolute, mean temperature of both test solutions during the migration test [K]
U Absolute value of the applied voltage [V]
x Mean penetration depth of chloride ions of the two halves of the split test specimen
d
x Maximum penetration depth
max
z Ionic charge, for chloride ions z = 1
5 Principle
A specimen of concrete or mortar is placed between a chloride free and a chloride containing alkaline
solution and an electric voltage is applied between two external electrodes to drive the chloride ions
into the concrete specimen. After a given period of time, the specimen is split and the penetration depth
of the free chloride ions is determined by using a suitable colour indicator solution. The chloride
migration coefficient is calculated based on the measured depth of penetration, the magnitude of the
applied voltage and other parameters.
NOTE This procedure can also be applied for testing products according to EN 1504-3 [1], EN 14487-1 [2].
6 Apparatus and equipment
Laboratory room with an air temperature of (20 ± 2) °C:
1) scale with an instrumental measurement uncertainty not exceeding ± 0,05 g;
2) vernier calliper gauge with an instrumental measurement uncertainty not exceeding ± 0,05 mm;
3) ruler with an instrumental measurement uncertainty not exceeding ± 0,05 mm;
4) water bath for storing the test specimens under water at (20 ± 2) °C;
5) thermometer with an instrumental measurement uncertainty not exceeding ± 0,5 °C;
6) drying oven with ventilation and adjustable temperature;

7) migration set-up comprising (also see Figure 1 to Figure 4):
— migration cell for test specimens with a diameter between 50 mm and 110 mm (fabric-
reinforced, electrically non-conductive rubber sleeve [see Figure 2] and, depending on the
construction of the cell, stainless steel sleeve clamps [see Figure 4]);
— migration cell support made from non-corrosive and electrically non-conductive material;
— rectifier with voltage regulator (up to 40 V);
— voltmeter, ammeter with an instrumental measurement uncertainty not exceeding ± 1 V
or ± 1 mA;
— stainless steel electrodes;
— catholyte reservoir: non-corroding and electrically non-conductive material.
NOTE Similar setups for the determination of the migration coefficient might be allowed according to
national provisions, provided in particular that the increase in temperature under the test (Joule effect) does not
exceed 3 °C.
Key
1 rubber sleeve 6 catholyte reservoir
2 anolyte 7 migration cell support
3 anode 8 cathode
4 test specimen 9 rectifier
5 catholyte
Figure 1 — Schematic illustration of a migration test set-up
Key
1 cathode 8 waterproof protection
2 filler opening 9 downstream cell
3 joints 10 upstream cell
4 power supply 11 anolyte solution
5 electrode 12 catholytic solution
6 anode 13 temperature probe
7 concrete specimen
Figure 2 — Schematic illustration of an alternative migration test set-up

Figure 3 — Photograph of a migration test set-up
Figure 4 — Stainless steel sleeve clamp
8) Test solutions:
— Anolyte: 0,2 N KOH (11,2 g KOH to be filled up to 1 000 ml with distilled or demineralized
water) or 0,3 N NaOH (12,0 g NaOH to be filled up to 1 000 ml with distilled or demineralized
water);
— Catholyte: 5 % NaCl (50 g NaCl on 950 g 0,2 N KOH) (the reference solution) or (50 g NaCl on
950 g 0,3 N NaOH);
If specified or agreed, other NaCl concentrations between 3 % and 10 % may be utilized. This
shall be explicitly noted in the test documentation and audit reports, and taken into account in
the calculation of the migration coefficient.
Where KOH is used to prepare the anolyte, KOH shall also be used to prepare the catholyte.
— 0,1 N Silver nitrate solution;
— 5 % Potassium dichromate solution (optional).
7 Preparation of specimens
7.1 Preparing sub-specimens
For cores with a diameter between 50 mm and 110 mm a minimum of two cubical sub-specimens are
prepared with at least 150 mm edge length, or a minimum of three cylindrical sub-specimens with a
diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm. For cores with a diameter of 50 mm a minimum of two
cubical sub-specimens are necessary. The preparation and compaction of the sub-specimens shall be
executed in accordance with EN 12390-2. The troweled surfaces shall be protected from drying with
close fitting polythene sheeting or equivalent.
The cubical or cylindrical sub-specimens shall be de-moulded according to EN 12390-2.
After de-moulding, the sub-specimens shall be stored in water in accordance with EN 12390-2 until
extracting the cylindrical specimens.
7.2 Preparing test specimens
A test series comprises at least five cylindrical specimens with a diameter of (50 ± 1) mm or at least
three cylindrical specimens with a diameter of (100 ± 1) mm (diameters between 50 mm and 110 mm
are allowed). The specimens shall have a height of (50 ± 2) mm. The diameter d and the height h of each
specimen shall be determined and the result recorded to the nearest 0,1 mm. The diameter of the cores
should not be less than three times the maximum aggregate size.
The preparation should commence not earlier than 10 days before the test starts. If not otherwise
regulated, the test shall start 28 days after specimen casting.
For cubical specimens, the cores shall be extracted by drilling perpendicular to the troweled surface.
The upper side of the cores should have a distance of at least 50 mm from the troweled surface. For
cylindrical specimens, the first 50 mm layer from the troweled surface shall be sawn and discarded.
Visible spalls and holes on the test specimen face in contact with the NaCl solution (catholyte) ≤ 5 mm
in diameter can be filled with sealing material. Depending on the size and number of defects, the sealed
surface area should be less than 3 % of the test surface area. If there are spalls and holes > 5 mm in
diameter on the test surface, a 5 mm to 10 mm layer containing the above defects shall be sawn and
discarded.
Subsequently, the test specimens are to be cut parallel to the test surface to obtain a height of (50 ± 2)
mm. The sawn surfaces should be plano-parallel with a maximum deviation of 1 mm, determined at
quarter points. If necessary, the test surface may be ground.
8 Procedure
8.1 Installation of the test specimens in the migration cell
The test specimens prepared in accordance with 7.2 shall be taken from the water storage immediately
prior to testing and installed in the rubber sleeve as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2.
Two stainless steel sleeve clamps (see Figure 3) shall be fitted tight to the curved surface of the
specimen to prevent lateral penetration of the test solution. Thereu
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