CEN/TS 14038-1:2004
(Main)Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 1: Realkalization
Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 1: Realkalization
This document specifies a procedure for carrying out impressed current electrochemical realkalization of carbonated reinforced concrete in existing structures. It is applicable to atmospherically exposed parts of structures with ordinary reinforcement embedded in concrete.
This document does not apply to concrete containing prestressing steel which can suffer hydrogen embrittlement during realkalization, or to concrete containing epoxy-coated or galvanized reinforcement, or if chloride contamination is contributing to reinforcement corrosion.
Elektrochemische Realkalisierung und Chloridextraktionsbehandlungen für Stahlbeton - Teil 1: Realkalisierung
Diese Technische Spezifikation legt ein Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Realkalisierung von karbonati-siertem Stahlbeton in bestehenden Bauwerken mittels Fremdstrom fest. Es ist anwendbar auf Teile von Gebäuden mit normaler, in Beton eingebetteter Bewehrung, die der Atmosphäre ausgesetzt sind.
Diese Technische Spezifikation ist nicht anwendbar auf Beton mit vorgespannter Bewehrung, die Wasser-stoffversprödung infolge der Realkalisierung unterliegen kann, auf Beton mit organisch beschichteter oder verzinkter Bewehrung sowie wenn Chlorid zur Korrosion der Bewehrung führt.
Ré-alcalinisation électrochimique et traitements d'extraction des chlorures applicables au béton armé - Partie 1 : Ré-alcalinisation
La présente Spécification technique prescrit un mode opératoire pour procéder à la ré-alcalinisation électrochimique par courant imposé du béton armé carbonaté dans des structures existantes. Elle est applicable à des éléments de structure exposés au milieu ambiant et armés avec des fers noyés dans le béton.
La présente Spécification technique ne s'applique pas au béton contenant des aciers de précontrainte qui peuvent subir une fragilisation due à l'hydrogène lors de la ré-alcalinisation ou au béton contenant des armatures revêtues époxyde ou galvanisées, ou lorsque la contamination par les chlorures contribue à la corrosion des armatures.
Elektrokemična realkalizacija in postopki kloridne ekstrakcije za armiran beton – 1. del: Realkalizacija
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2005
(OHNWURNHPLþQDUHDONDOL]DFLMDLQSRVWRSNLNORULGQHHNVWUDNFLMH]DDUPLUDQEHWRQ±
GHO 5HDONDOL]DFLMD
Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete -
Part 1: Realkalization
Elektrochemische Realkalisierung und Chloridextraktionsbehandlungen für Stahlbeton -
Teil 1: Realkalisierung
Ré-alcalinisation électrochimique et traitements d'extraction des chlorures applicables au
béton armé - Partie 1 : Ré-alcalinisation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 14038-1:2004
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 14038-1
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2004
ICS 91.080.40
English version
Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments
for reinforced concrete - Part 1: Realkalization
Ré-alcalinisation électrochimique et traitements d'extraction Elektrochemische Realkalisierung und
des chlorures applicables au béton armé - Partie 1 : Ré- Chloridextraktionsbehandlungen für Stahlbeton - Teil 1:
alcalinisation Realkalisierung
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 9 September 2004 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 14038-1:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle.6
5 Assessment and repair of the structure.6
5.1 General.6
5.2 Review of records.6
5.3 Inspection .6
5.4 Carbonation depth measurement .6
5.5 Determination of chloride content .7
5.6 Concrete cover thickness and reinforcement location measurements.7
5.7 Alkali aggregate reaction .7
5.8 Reinforcement continuity and size .7
5.9 Repair.7
5.9.1 General.7
5.9.2 Concrete removal.7
5.9.3 Reinforcement preparation.8
6 Materials and apparatus.8
6.1 Calibration of instrumentation .8
6.2 Anode system .8
6.2.1 General.8
6.2.2 Anode.8
6.2.3 Anode zone.8
6.2.4 Alkaline electrolyte solution.8
6.3 Electric cables.8
6.4 Power supply.9
7 Installation procedures .9
7.1 Electrical continuity.9
7.2 Performance monitoring .9
7.3 Installation of anode system .9
7.4 Protection of electrolyte solution.9
7.5 Electrical installation.10
7.6 Preliminary testing and documentation .10
8 Commissioning, operation and termination of treatment .10
8.1 Visual inspection .10
8.2 Energizing and adjustment of current output.10
8.3 Routine inspection and maintenance.10
8.4 Realkalization process monitoring .11
8.5 Termination of treatment .11
9 Final report .11
10 Post-treatment coating and monitoring .12
Bibliography .13
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 14038-1:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 219 “Cathodic
protection”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
Introduction
The purpose of realkalization is to provide long-term corrosion protection of steel reinforcement in concrete,
which has become carbonated.
There are other electrochemical procedures, which can be used to provide corrosion protection of steel in
concrete structures. These include cathodic protection and chloride extraction. There is a European Standard
for cathodic protection of steel in concrete (EN 12696).
It is assumed in the drafting of this document that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately
qualified and competent people, for whose use it has been prepared.
1 Scope
This document specifies a procedure for carrying out impressed current electrochemical realkalization of
carbonated reinforced concrete in existing structures. It is applicable to atmospherically exposed parts of
structures with ordinary reinforcement embedded in concrete.
This document does not apply to concrete containing prestressing steel which can suffer hydrogen
embrittlement during realkalization, or to concrete containing epoxy-coated or galvanized reinforcement, or if
chloride contamination is contributing to reinforcement corrosion.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 14629:2003, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods
— Determination of chloride content in hardened concrete
prEN 14630:2003, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods -
Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete by the phenolphthalein method
EN 12696:2000, Cathodic protection of steel in concrete
ENV 1504-9, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 9: General principles for use of products and
systems.
EN ISO 8044:1999, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Basic terms and definitions (ISO 8044:1999).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 8044:1999 and the following
apply.
3.1
realkalization
electrochemical treatment for restoring to concrete, which surrounds reinforcing bars, a high pH value
corresponding to sound, non-carbonated concrete
4 Principle
Realkalization of reinforced concrete is performed by applying an electric field between the steel
reinforcement embedded in the concrete and an anode surrounded by an alkaline electrolyte solution
containing carbonate or hydroxyl ions temporarily placed on the concrete surface.
NOTE 1 The carbonated area treated by realkalization lies beneath the anode.
NOTE 2 Details of the principle underlying this process are given in the European Federation of Corrosion report [1].
NOTE 3 Electrolyte solutions of sodium, potassium and lithium may be used.
5 Assessment and repair of the structure
5.1 General
Prior to undertaking realkalization an assessment of the structure, including its physical condition, its structural
integrity and the nature and extent of any repairs, which might be needed, shall be performed in accordance
with ENV 1504-9.
The investigations specified in 5.2 to 5.8 shall be carried out in order to:
a) determine the suitability of the structure for realkalization;
b) provide information for design.
5.2 Review of records
All available drawings, specifications, records and notes shall be reviewed for information on the location,
quantity, nature (e.g. mild or high strength steel, smooth or deformed bar, galvanized, epoxy-coated) and
continuity of the reinforcement, as well as the constituents and quality of the concrete.
NOTE The possible sensitivity to reduction of bond strength should be evaluated in the case of smooth reinforcement.
5.3 Inspection
An inspection shall be carried out to ascertain the type, causes and extent of defects and any features of the
structure or of its surrounding environment, which could influence the application and effectiveness of
realkalization. All areas of the structure, which require realkalization, shall be checked for delamination of the
concrete cover. Defects such as delaminations, cracks, honeycombing or poor construction joints which could
permit significant water penetration, or preve
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